Schizophrenia Types, Symptoms, Medications, Treatment...

HISTORY EPIDEMIOLOGY CLINICAL FEATURES COURSE PROGNOSIS DIAGNOSTIC TYPES ETIOLOGY NEUROPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES GENETICS DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS OTHER NEUROTRANSM1TTER SYSTEMS TREATMENT Schizophrenia is sometimes considered the most devastating of the mental illnesses because its onset is early in a patient’s life, and its symptoms can be destructive to the patient and to the patient’s family and friends. Although schizophrenia is usually discussed as if it were a single disease, this diagnostic category can include a variety of disorders that present with somewhat similar behavioral symptoms. Schizophrenia probably comprises a group of disorders with heterogeneous causes and definitely includes patients whose clinical†¦show more content†¦Since the parents of schizophrenics have a social class distribution similar to that of the general population, lower position of the patients appears to be as a result of the illness rather than as a cause. Since the highest incidence of schizophrenia is in young people, whose illnesses often become chronic, the number of cases is constantly increasing. Seventy percent of schizophrenics become ill between 15 and 35 years, and the illness affects males more than females. Peak onset in males lies between 15 and 24 years and in females between 25 and 35 years. There are slight ethnic differences with a high incidence in the Scandinavian countries and in non-whites. The chronicity of the illness presents an enormous cost. A recent study notes that although schizophrenia affects only one twelfth as many persons as myocardial infarction, the cost is six times as great. CLINICAL FEATURES: The two most common affective presentations of schizophrenia are reduced emotional responsiveness or even anhedonia and overly active and inappropriate emotions. Feeling tones include blunted affect and ambivalence, anxiety, terror, perplexity, or exaltation. Hallucinations may occur in any of the five sensory modalities. Auditory hallucinations are the most common and the patient may complain of hearing one or more voices which may be threatening, obscene, accusatory, or insulting. Illusions may also occur which may beShow MoreRelatedSchizophrenia: Types, Symptoms, Medications, Treatment Essay2472 Words   |  10 Pages Schizophrenia is a neurological disorder that affects the cognitive functions of an individual. The cause of this illness is unknown, but there are several theories of how an individual may acquire schizophrenia. Because there are many symptoms of the disease and because the symptoms can vary quite dramatically among several individuals and even within the same individual over time, the diagnosis of schizophrenia can be quite difficult. In the United States and Europe, schizophrenia occursRead MoreIs Schizophrenia A Unique Mental Disorder?1335 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Reference Series, schizophrenia affects 1.1% of the US population and the majority of those who suffer with schizophrenia go untreated or are unaware that they even have the disorder. Approximately 2,200,000 people in the United States suffer from schizophrenia, and they have a lifespan 20% shorter than those who do not have schizophrenia (Fentress, Moller 1). Schizophrenia is a unique mental disorder that is made up of distinctive characteristics, causes, signs and symptoms, and requires specificRead MoreSchizophrenia: Treatment and Diagnosis Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pages Schizophrenia: Treatment and Diagnosis In 1809, physician John Haslam published an account of what he considered â€Å"A form of insanity†. Haslam described many symptoms that are relevant to modern day schizophrenia including delusions of grandeur and hallucinations. During the latter part of the nineteenth century, a German psychiatrist named Emil Kraepelin expanded on Haslam’s views and gave a more accurate description of schizophrenia as we know it today. Kraeplin startedRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Two Mental Illnesses1273 Words   |  6 PagesSchizophrenia vs. Bipolar Disorder Page 1 Schizophrenia vs. Bipolar Disorder Angela M. Powell English Composition I Kim Elliott-White April 18, 2011 Schizophrenia vs. Bipolar Disorder Page 2 Brain disorders are commonly misunderstood due to the actions of the person living with the disorder. Education about brain disorders should decrease the misunderstanding of the disorders, and increase the supportRead MoreSchizophrenia And Modern Treatments.935 Words   |  4 Pages Schizophrenia and Modern Treatments Shelby Kaseman University of Toledo Mental illnesses are becoming more and more prominent in the lives of people today. The most common of these illnesses are mood disorders such as depression or bipolar disorder. However, schizophrenia, which is not a mood disorder, affects the lives of many people as well. Treatment is a very important part of any illness, but this is especially true when it comes to schizophrenia. Without the proper treatment, people dealingRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with them. Although there are many neurological diseases, schizophrenia is one of them. Schizophrenia is one of the more known disorders in the psychological world. Throughout this paper the following questions are answered: what is schizophrenia, what are the causes of schizophrenia, what are some of the types of schizophrenia, and what are the treatment options for those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder and is chronic and severe to those thatRead MoreSchizophreni A Complex Psychological Disorder990 Words   |  4 PagesThe word schizophrenia means split mind and was first used in 1911 by Eugen Bleuler. According to Paul Eugen Bleuler and the origin of the term schizophrenia as the disease becomes distinct, the personality loses it unity. Originally it was meant to describe patients whose thoughts and emotions seemed disconnected or disrupted. Unlike the meaning of the word schizophrenia, it has nothing to do with split personalities. Schizophrenia is a complex psychological disorder that can be characterizedRead MoreSymptoms, And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1413 Words   |  6 PagesOverview, Symptoms, and Treatment for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is affecting people’s lives every day. There isn’t a cure for this disorder and it is lifelong. Schizophrenia can affect a person’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. People with this disorder can have a hard time figuring out what is real and what isn’t real. A common side effect to schizophrenia is hallucinations and delusions. Another common side effect is social withdrawal, which means that they avoid socialRead MoreTreatment Options For Schizophreni Symptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1479 Words   |  6 PagesTreatment Through time, scientists and doctors have created various treatment options for schizophrenia based off scientific theories in their time. At one point physicians would perform brain surgery to remove a portion of brain from an individual suffering with schizophrenia that was responsible for the hallucinations and delusions the individual would experience. Although the surgery might have decreased the amount of hallucinations and delusions experienced by the individual, it led to cognitiveRead MoreA Brief Look at Schizophrenia1765 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia Socially the term Schizophrenia has a certain caricature about it that society has turned into a very serious social stigma. Many associate the disorder with criminals, nut houses, and extreme uncontrollable violence. Schizophrenia is portrayed in literature, and in movies so horrendously negative that those who experience symptoms of this very serious mental disorder can be in a stage of denial that can ultimately cause them to go undiagnosed, that is until something goes wrong.

The Events Of The 1960 s And Through The 1970 S

Rodena Woods –History 102- 12/12/15- Final Essay How did the events from the later 1960’s and through the 1970’s contribute to cynicism and mistrust toward the nation’s leaders, especially those in politics? The unexpected occurrences of the late 1960 s through the 1970’s led to a broad form of skepticism and distrust toward the countries leaders in a number of ways. The occurrences that impacted how Americans looked at the nation’s leader was complete disillusionment. They felt this way because of hidden secrets, corrupt scandals in the white house, continuous social and economic problems that seemed to never change and the ongoing Vietnam war which Americans were opposed too. Most Americans blamed the government for many of the issues the that were going on and that should have ended but instead funded, ignored, and made other things important on their agenda. Political leaders had proclaimed intentions on ending the cold war, racial discrimination, fixing social and economic problems and creating reforms that would begin to make a difference.Americans did not see a change of these significant issues through these years.They only saw the nation getting worse which made them unhappy, doubtful and even worried about a new civil war. Some of the events that contributed to Americans cynicism was the watergate scandal, the ongoing Vietnam war, social and economic catastrophes and inequality. The four most important developments and why One of the four most significantShow MoreRelatedBrothers and Keepers1071 Words   |  5 Pages a. Pennsylvania during the 1960’s and 1970’s with some quotes from the book. a. John’s Life b. Robby’s life IV. Conclusion Maria Riley English 300 Dr. Clemons April 21, 2013 Maria_antwanette@yahoo.com TITLE â€Å"The more your delve and backtrack and think, the more clear it becomes that nothing has a discrete, independent history; people and events take shape not in orderly, chronological sequence but in relation to other forces and events, tangled skein of necessity andRead MoreNixonland is four stories put into one novel that was written by Rick Perlstein. Each story was700 Words   |  3 PagesNixonland is four stories put into one novel that was written by Rick Perlstein. Each story was about a different campaign that had happened between the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. Besides Nixonland, Perlstein has also written another novel which is â€Å"Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus†. Although he does go into detail about some of the Presidents that were mentioned in the book, but the book is not a biography. It is classified as nonfiction. The authorRead MoreThe War Of The Civil Rights Movement1476 Words   |  6 Pag esThe 1950s was a decade of prosperity, the economy was booming, military was strong, the beginning of the civil rights movement. In the 1960s the decade involved protest, the war in Vietnam, the fight for civil rights, and JFK. Then came the 1970s and it was known as the time of peace and love, equality for all, the ongoing war in Vietnam, and Nixon. Each decade after one another affected the next with foreign policy, domestic policy, politics, political leadership, the economy, and the social termsRead MoreThe Persuasive Power of Television in the 1960’s Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesFor Americans, the 1960’s were a time of both unnerving turmoil and exciting change. Following on the heels of the 1950’s themes of tradition and conformity, the contrasting events and attitudes in the sixties constituted a perfect storm leading to a reconstruction of American social, cultural, and political ideals. Although each decade has experienced identifying features, ev ents occurring during the sixties provided for a definitive coming of age era for the United States. While much of this revolutionRead MoreThe Student Union Development in 1960s and 1970s Essay742 Words   |  3 PagesThe Student Union Development in 1960s and 1970s In the 1960s the USA was benefiting from post war affluence. People had more money because their wages had increased. This meant that parents were able to give their children pocket-money. Children were then able to spend this money on the things that were available at the time. These were things like going to the cinema. In the cinema they could see films made by Hollywood about daredevil young men living on theRead MoreLasting Impacts of Funk and Disco1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lasting Impacts of Funk and Disco The transition from the 1960’s to the 1970’s was a rough one. A decade characterized by the supposed defeat of poverty and racism as well as the conquest of space, was subsequently and surprisingly followed by a decade of chaos and disorder in the world. The country was running out of promise, the troops were running out of Vietnam, and the President was running out of office. Luckily however, the emergence of great music simply could not be affected by theRead MoreBrazilian History: Lygia Clark1042 Words   |  5 Pagesmovement that changed the art world in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Clark’s work has continued to define our post-modern obsession with situation. Lygia Clark’s work transcends her time and continues to become relevant in our post-modern world. Her work is recognized today as one of the founding bodies of Brazil and is important internationally. Her artistic path holds a position in the critical movement that changed the art world in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Clark’s work has continued to define our post-modernRead MoreThe Contribution Of Pacific Peoples Influence On New Zealand s Contemporary Business Environment Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence on events 1960’s to present on New Zealand’s Contemporary Business Environment. 6 August 2015 By: Skye Mudgeway - 1385482 Hannah Palolo - 1057909 Sheldon Rennie - 1379011 Chris Adams - 1492411 Thomas Cribb - 0631706 To: Andrew Mock BH500 Business Heritage, Culture and Sustainability Bachelor of Applied Management Significant historical events in New Zealand this community contributed to and effects on New Zealand society. Major event (i) The 1960’s to the mid 1970’s saw aRead MoreMusic And Its Impact On Society958 Words   |  4 Pagesbrains it affects the way we act and process different situations we go through. Although music can serve entertainment purposes it affects our brains and actions deeply. Folk music of the 1960’s and 1970’s began the turning point for the content of music and allowed music to bring a culture together and speak what the people felt insecure to speak about. The first music to mobilize and inspire people, the music of the 1960’s and 1970’s, empowered the people to think differently and take action on theRead MoreThe Civil Rights Activist Malcolm X1631 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The future belongs to those who prepare for it today† said Malcolm X (â€Å"1960’s). To fully understand what Malcolm X was trying to say, one would have to understand what â€Å"future† really means. Future: the time or a period of time following the moment of speaking or writing; time regarded as still to come (Merriam). An interpretation of this is that one should prepare for the future, so that when the future becomes the present, a person knows she or he did everything thing he could have to make today

Promoting Individual Workplace Learning-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Report on Promoting Individual Workplace Learning. Answer: Introduction Informal learning is a vital aspect in the growth and development of every individual. Informal learning refers to the learning which is not structured or formal. It has no set goals or objectives and hence cannot be bounded by timelines or structures. It can be promoted but it also largely depends on the individuals basic nature (Noe, 2013). Many organizations promote informal learning as it leads to individuals advancement and offers learning opportunities. Informal learning clearly identifies the importance of socializing in the work place and learning from other individuals, however, it is much wider than simply increasing network for the purpose of socialization (Bancheva, 2015). The focus is built on learning due to the environment an individual is in and surrounding people. This is very different from the traditional concept of formal training, induction or learning (Manuti, 2015). Informal learning throws light on the ability of individuals to learn from other peoples experiences and spread learning and knowledge from their own experiences. Organizations are focussing more on creating an environment that promotes informal learning. This benefits the employee as well as the organization and leads to improved performance for both. Besides this, it further leads to employee engagement, learning, growth of a more positive culture and also provides employee with a platform for innovative thinking and fosters creativity (Watkins, 2014). This particular report throws light on how organizations can promote and enhance informal learning in a workplace. It covers aspects like the factors influencing informal learning; personal individualistic characteristics that impact informal learning and the benefits of informal learning and how does it impact the growth of an individual. The report ends with certain recommendations to promote informal learning in an organization. These recommendations have been defined after in depth research and understanding. Individuals learning in the workplace Team building The best way for an individual to foster learning is to work with other people in a team. When three or more people come together, they share experiences, thoughts, ideas and knowledge which in turn provide a platform for learning among individuals (Tannenbaum, 2010). The formation of teams is hence a crucial aspect of any organization. Team work also enables immediate feedbacks given to employees. At the time of a conflict, team members discuss, argue and make decisions. This provides for a wonderful opportunity of informal learning to an individual (Mathieu, 2015). Feedbacks Feedbacks given to employees play a vital role in shaping their growth and affecting their performance. Feedbacks are given by superiors or colleagues. Both these forms of feedback help in letting the employee know his or her shortcomings and areas of improvement. A transparent and genuine feedback mechanism leads to employees improved growth (Baker, 2013). Feedbacks are formal as well as informal. However, informal feedback has a more positive approach and improves the learners ability to understand (Holmes, 2015). Experience Very often, employees learn from their experience or the experience of others. This is first hand learning and creates a long lasting learning in the minds of the employee. What an employee learns from his experience sustains with him for a longer duration (Kolb, 2014). Experience is the best teacher in the true aspect. When employees share their experience with other members of the organization, it also creates a better flow of communication and helps in achieving more learning by employees (Pellegrino, 2017). Leaders leading by example When the leaders or the people in authority in any organization behave and accomplish goals, they can be sources of informal learning for the employees. This is why it is crucial that the leaders of the organization lead by example. This creates respect for them and a better learning opportunity for employees (Fullan, 2014). Self-Reflection The procedure of a learner learning from himself is known as self-reflection. This is an important style of learning. Employees often learn from their mistakes and their achievements (Boud, 2013). After completion of every task, employees are recommended to self-reflect upon different areas of the task and their performance and learn from the same (Hager, 2011). Factors enabling informal learning Organizational culture is extremely crucial when it comes to informal learning. Certain organizations promote informal learning while certain organizations restrict it. Let us first take a look at factors that enable informal learning in an organization and must be implemented efficiently. Transparent feedbacks Feedbacks given to employees play a vital role in their learning and growth. It is therefore important that feedbacks given to an individual, whether formal or informal, are transparent and genuine. The purpose of the feedback should always be to foster growth and performance rather than discouraging or belittling an employee (Bernstein, 2017). The purity of this intention deeply impacts employees. A transparent feedback mechanism assists employees in understanding their performance areas that require improvement and hence leads to learning. Structuring of work Work must be well structured and clearly defined in the organization. This is important because then the employees know and understand their job roles and work to excel in their respective fields. This structure of job leads to efficient association with other members of the organization and enhances chances of informal learning at a work place. Team activities Team activities are usually done to promote a positive culture in a team. During team activities, members learn from each other, share their personal experiences and provide positive feedbacks. Team activities also enhance association and bonding between team members which makes it easier for employees to learn from each other and improvise overall team performance. Factors restricting informal learning In an organization, there are various factors that restrict an individuals ability to learn informally from colleagues. It is imperative that organizations filter out these factors and aim to remove them from the organization. This is important because if an employee becomes restrictive to informal learning then it adversely impacts overall companys performance. Insufficient growth opportunities If an organization does not offer growth opportunities to it its employees, then employees lose their will to learn and feel demotivated. When the growth opportunities are higher, then there is competition among team members. They then focus more on their learning. Insufficient growth opportunities make employees lethargic and less keen on learning new things. Behaviour of colleagues Behaviour of colleagues and supervisors deeply impacts an individual employees ability to learn and make the best of the environment provided. If the colleagues are unfriendly, they can never provide a good source of learning. Colleagues who are discouraging can also make employees demotivated. Sharing of information and knowledge among employees is crucial to an employees learning. Colleagues who do not share knowledge or experience and allow their team members to make the same mistakes, then they adversely impact the culture of the organization. Employees will find themselves difficult to learn in such an organization. Centralized decision making Some organizations leave the entire decision making to the top management. Jobs are defined to the employees and they are simply supposed to do what is told (Pettigrew, 2014). This leads to demotivation and majorly reduces an individuals ability to learn new things. Centralized decision making in an organization acts as a hindrance to growth and innovative learning of employees. Organizations must leave certain decisions to the discretion of the employees as this will give them confidence and aid in their learning experience (Li, 2015). Individual characters affecting informal learning Informal learning largely depends on the individuals ability to learn and understand on its own. There are various factors that affect informal learning in an individual. The employees background, educational qualifications, family history, previous organization, their cultures, age, experience, level of motivation, communication skills, people skills and team management skills etc. have a major role to play in how much an employee learns from any given situation. In an organization, younger employees might be keener on formal learning but due to a richer experience, elder employees are more prone to learning informally and from their experience. Level of motivation in an employee also largely impacts the employees behaviour and ability to learn in an organization. Employees who are largely motivated tend to learn something new from any given situation. However, employees who are demotivated often require an external force to stay inspired to learn new things. Confidence in oneself is an important aspect of informal learning. A confident employee will interact with more people and hence gain a better learning (Oloko, 2017). Whereas a less confident, socially awkward employee will make fewer interactions and this would adversely impact learning. Communication skills of an individual greatly decide how much can an individual communicate and learn from others. If the communication skills of an individual are superior, he or she will find it more comfortable to discuss ideas with others, listen to their opinion and learn new things (Dozier, 2013). However, if an employee does not possess good communication skills then, then interaction with others would be limited leading to reduced learning. Benefits for employees and organizations of informal learning in a workplace Information sharing Informal learning requires employees to interact with each other, share their experiences and discuss ideas. This leads to effective information sharing within the organization and allows employees to widen their horizons and learn things from a different perspective. Effective information sharing further also leads to better communication and transparency in the organization (Wang, 2014). This information sharing is extensively important and crucial to the effective functioning of any organization. Motivated employees Informal learning or creating sources of learning for employees other than formal trainings, motivate them to work hard, improvise their skills and gives them a purpose to remain in the organization (Marsick, 2015). Survey says 73% of the people are largely affected by the people they work with and people often find themselves stagnating when they cannot learn anything new in an organization. This is when they start looking for opportunities outside. Informal learning makes sure that employees remain motivated and encouraged to work hard and deliver better results (Mone, 2014). Improved organizational culture Organizational culture that fosters informal learning is extremely positive. This creates an environment of learning and growth for the employees of the firm. Informal learning also requires extensive communication and team building within an organization. This in turn leads to a more friendly culture that provides employees with a platform to learn and perform better (Alvesson, 2015). A set of motivated employees, who communicate efficiently, share information and help each other learn and grow is an attractive culture and leads to higher employee motivation, deeper employee engagement and longer term employee loyalty. Better performance When an employee is fostered in culture that assists learning and development, the employee becomes motivated and performs better. This is better for the employee as well as the organization. As the performance of the employee improves, overall performance of the team and the organization becomes better. Informal learning requires a transparent feedback mechanism. These genuine feedbacks, both formal and informal, help the employee in understanding areas of improvement. This also clarifies exactly what is expected out of an employee and hence leads to better performance delivery by individuals. Conclusion Informal learning is a significant part in the growth of an organization. This is specifically beneficial for small scale organizations who cannot afford excessive training seminars or formal sessions for their employees. Informal learning instils a sense of motivation and accomplishment in an employee. It leads to employee satisfaction and contentment which in turn leads to employee loyalty. There are various factors that influence informal learning in an organization like the culture, level of centralization and decentralization, feedback structures and composition of teams in an organization. On an individual level as well, there are numerous factors that define the employees ability to learn and understand informally. This includes employees background, level of motivation, communication skills, people skills, team building ability, decision making ability and his or her past working experience. Various organization are now putting in efforts in ensuring that their workplace fosters informal learning among employees as it is extremely beneficial for both employees as well as the organization. Informal learning is very different from formal learning and hence it is difficult to clearly specify or measure its impact in an organization. However, once the culture of informal learning has been implemented in the firm, in the longer run, these effects become much more evident. Leadership development program It has been noticed in the case, that the organization does not financially sound to fund formal training of employees. Therefore. A few recommendations to enhance the level of informal learning in the organization are given below. The 10 managers who would be attending the training program must learn to focus on certain specific aspects of informal learning as given. Realizing the importance of informal learning Before an organization begins to change its culture, it is imperative that the organization understands the importance of informal learning. Many times, the top management makes the mistake of encouraging only formal learning and finding sources for the same. The attending managers must be trained upon the importance of informal learning and how they can develop the same in their everyday culture. Therefore the first step would be to make sure that the top management of the organization understands how crucial informal learning is and then they can plan to promote and foster it in the organization. Encouraging informal learning Once the top management has realized the importance of informal learning, it should be encouraged among employees. This can be done by motivating employees to work in teams, share experiences and knowledge, provide informal feedbacks to employees and ensuring that every individual is self-reflecting at regular intervals. It is the duty of the top management to encourage informal learning in the organization by creating a culture which fosters the same. Once the top management puts in efforts to encourage informal learning, it becomes a part of the organizations culture and assists in long term growth of individuals of the organization. Knowledge sharing Knowledge sharing must become a crucial part of the organizational culture to make sure that employees are consistently communicating with each other. Knowledge sharing in a firm helps employees learn from each others experience. This leads to improved performance as the mistakes made by one employee can help others to learn from the same to make sure they are not repeated. Knowledge sharing also builds a deeper connect between employees that provides a platform for informal learning. This is done by establishing trust among employees and paving a way for effective and transparent communication. Customized learning It must be understood that every employee has a different style of learning. Just like formal learning can be structured and delivered to suit a wide audience, informal learning is customized and tailor made for every individual employee. It is imperative for firms to understand that there is no set method or process for employees to informally learn from themselves or others. This informal learning cannot be quantitatively measured and one way of learning will not suit all the employees. Feedbacks One of the most important things than an organization can do to ensure informal learning is by creating a transparent feedback mechanism. Feedbacks from subordinates, superiors and peers are all extremely important and help the employee in understanding how they can improvise their performance. The organization must develop a culture that encourages informal feedbacks given to employees. It is extremely essential that the feedbacks given to employees are received with positivity and optimism. If a feedback is given in an insulting or condescending tone, then it may lead to anger and frustration among employees. Lifelong learning This is the most important aspect of informal learning that it must be based upon the idea that it is a long term and lifelong learning. If informal learning is fostered with the intention to help achieve organizational goals in the short term, it may not be very effective. However, if informal learning is provided with the intention that this is a lifelong learning and is being provided to employees for their personal growth and development, then it will lead to positive results and higher acceptance. The new joiners also feel more comfortable in a culture of informal learning. Therefore it is recommended that informal learning must be a continuous process in any workplace (Le Cluss, 2011) References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Baker, A., Perreault, D., Reid, A., Blanchard, C. M. (2013). Feedback and organizations: Feedback is good, feedback-friendly culture is better.Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne,54(4), 260. Bancheva, E., Ivanova, M. (2015). Informal learning in the workplace. InPrivate World (s)(pp. 157-182). Sense Publishers. Bernstein, E. S., Li, S. (2017, January). Seeing where you stand: From performance feedback to performance transparency. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2017, No. 1, p. 14752). Academy of Management. Boud, D., Keogh, R., Walker, D. (Eds.). (2013).Reflection: Turning experience into learning. Routledge. Dozier, D. M., Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E. (2013).Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Fullan, M. (2014).Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Hager, P. (2011). Theories of workplace learning.The Sage handbook of workplace learning, 17-31. Holmes, J., Stubbe, M. (2015).Power and politeness in the workplace: A sociolinguistic analysis of talk at work. Routledge. Kolb, D. A. (2014).Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press. Le Clus, M. (2011). Informal learning in the workplace: a review of the literature.Australian Journal of Adult Learning,51(2), 355. Li, D., Jayaweera, S. K. (2015). Distributed smart-home decision-making in a hierarchical interactive smart grid architecture.IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,26(1), 75-84. Manuti, A., Pastore, S., Scardigno, A. F., Giancaspro, M. L., Morciano, D. (2015). Formal and informal learning in the workplace: a research review.International Journal of Training and Development,19(1), 1-17. Marsick, V. J., Watkins, K. (2015).Informal and Incidental Learning in the Workplace (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Mathieu, J. E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kukenberger, M. R., Donsbach, J. S., Alliger, G. M. (2015). Team role experience and orientation: A measure and tests of construct validity.Group Organization Management,40(1), 6-34. Mone, E. M., London, M. (2014).Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Noe, R. A., Tews, M. J., Marand, A. D. (2013). Individual differences and informal learning in the workplace.Journal of Vocational Behavior,83(3), 327-335. Oloko, M., Ogutu, M. (2017). Influence of power distance on employee empowerment and MNC performance: A study of multinational corporations in Kenya. Pellegrino, J. M., McNaughton, R. B. (2017). Beyond learning by experience: The use of alternative learning processes by incrementally and rapidly internationalizing SMEs.International Business Review,26(4), 614-627. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Tannenbaum, S. I., Beard, R. L., McNall, L. A., Salas, E. (2010). Informal learning and development in organizations.Learning, training, and development in organizations, 303-332. Wang, S., Noe, R. A., Wang, Z. M. (2014). Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems: A quasifield experiment.Journal of Management,40(4), 978-1009. Watkins, K. E., Marsick, V. J., de lava, M. F. (2014). Evaluating informal learning in the workplace. InPromoting, assessing, recognizing and certifying lifelong learning(pp. 59-77). Springer Netherlands.

This Life Time Has 42048000 Minutes Essays -

This Life Time has 42048000 Minutes This Life Time has 42048000 Minutes Listen up soldiers, we have a crisis on our hands. A silent army has been built up over hundreds of years and is the most deadly enemy we have ever had to face. This enemy you people have known since the day you were brought into this world. You are face to face with this enemy every day, unknowing that every step you take, every move you make, and every decision you face is contributing somehow to this army's strength. In case you haven't noticed yet, ladies and gentlemen, this enemy is ourselves. Slowly and surely we are destroying animals, ourselves and most importantly the only planet we have, Earth. You have probably all heard this speech a thousand times before, and well if this has to be the 1001 before we get off our lazy, self-destructing asses and do something to fix it, so be it! I admit I'm no better than the rest of you at the simple things in everyday life that are destroying this planet, but the whole issue pisses me off. Our whole existence revolves around money, and our personal benefit. We have forgotten how to do things for others, how to help the planet and, in turn, how to benefit the species. The fact is simple people, we're killing ourselves. Many, however, don't notice it. They believe what they're doing is either beneficial, or that they are too small to do anything about it. Well most of them are right, most of us fall under some sort of higher power, which means that the root of the problems are mainly the governments. Don't think that this is leading into one of those x-filesy, conspiracy theory type lectures, however if you'd like to call it that, I wont be one to judge. I do believe the governments know how to prevent and stop much of the problems in our world today. For example, it's a widely known fact that we have the technology to use water instead of gas for cars, but the government wont allow production because they get money off gas, and to them it's more important than a clean environment, more important than contaminating the water, or killing off animals because of the pollution even when the money they get from the gas ends up being put back into trying to control these problems anyway. And who was the guy who thought that burning fossil fuels would be a good source of energy anyway? Did they take the first suggestion that came up or what? Fossil fuels are not everlasting guys, HELLO! Is our species so narrow-minded that we can't see into the future and realise that one day it will run out. Or did we know that in the beginning and not care cause it was the only resource we could use? Did we then become so lazy that we couldn't spend the time and money (ooo not money!!) to figure out some other sort of fuel or energy source?!?! This is nuts!!! So go ahead try and hide. Protect yourselves with your fancy guns and munitions, run away with your trains, planes, and automobiles or go about as if nothing's happening. None of those will help you much cause the only way we can shelter ourselves from what's to come is if we stop it from ever happening. Now are you all able to get off your couches, stop watching your TV's and do something about it? Didn't think so but it was worth a try anyway.

Do Statewide ACT Programs Drive ACT Popularity

Do Statewide ACT Programs Drive ACT Popularity SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is getting more popular each year, though it still might not be as popular as the Plastics. Wondering if having the ACT required in states increases its overall popularity nationwide? And is requiring the ACT the best policy for students? We’ll discuss the statewide ACT policies and how effective they are nationwide. Also, we’ll tell you how to approach the ACT, whether you’re living in an ACT-required state or not! Which States Require the ACT? The following states require the ACT in some form. Note that some states require the ACT Plus Writing, others require the plain ACT, and a few allow students to choose. States that Require the ACT Plus Writing Alabama Hawaii Missouri Montana Nevada North Carolina South Carolina Wisconsin Wyoming States that Require the ACT (No Writing) Arkansas Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi Utah Other Alaska (students choose between ACT Plus Writing, SAT or ACT Work Keys) North Dakota (students choose between ACT without writing or ACT Work Keys) Oklahoma (districts have the option to offer the ACT Have Statewide Testing Programs Increased ACT Participation Nationally? You may be wondering if the various ACT state partnerships have driven an increase in ACT test takers nationally. Indeed, making the ACT a part of the standardized test routines in various states may have caused the ACT to overtake the SAT in popularity. Back in 2001, Colorado and Illinois became the first states to require all high school juniors to take the ACT (although bothhave since switched over to the SAT). This was part of a growing national movement to hold schools accountable for student progress through standardized testing. According to a 2009 report from the ACT, â€Å"Colorado uses the ACT in its Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP) as an eleventh-grade achievement-based assessment that gives the state an indication of how well its public schools are performing at educating students at the K–12 level. Illinois also administers the ACT to all of its public high school juniors as part of its Prairie State Achievement Exam (PSAE). Illinois uses the ACT to measure student progress on meeting state learning.† Illinois and Colorado were the first states to require the ACT. By 2009, Kentucky, Michigan, and Wyoming had followed suit. And, as we’ve seen, the number of states requiring the ACT only continued to grow, which seems to have further driven the ACT's growth. As of 2012, the ACT has surpassed the SAT as the most commonly taken college entrance exam in the US. From the most recent data, 1,924,436 students took the ACT in 2015, while just 1.7 million took the SAT. Given that the ACT is required in some form in 18states while the SAT is only required in four, ACT’s statewide testing partnerships could be seen as a big part of its national increase. The ACT has also been the exam of state in mid-western and southern states, which has added up as those states’ populations have grown. A lot of these expanded partnerships are possible because ACT has marketed itself as an exam that tests what students learn in school, not just â€Å"achievement† or â€Å"ability† like the SAT. Are State ACT Partnerships Good for Students? There are many reasons expanding ACT testing can be a good thing – it can help students apply to college and get scholarships, for one. But there are plenty of reasons it’s not always the best move for students. We’ll discuss both sides below. Reasons Statewide ACT Testing Can Be Beneficial The main reason ACT testing can be good is because it gives ACT access to an entire student population. This means that, free of charge, thousands of students take an important step towards applying to college. Pretty much all colleges require standardized testing, and the ACT is accepted at nearly all. So by giving all students a chance to take the ACT once, for free, these schools make at least one part of the college admission process easier for students. It also gives highly motivated students another chance at the ACT (students who would already be paying to take it once anyway) – which gives them a shot at higher scores and better scholarships. (As we’ve discussed before, the higher your ACT score, the higher the scholarships you can earn.) So instead of paying for two shots at the ACT, like many students do, you only have to pay for one. Finally, requiring the ACT encourages at least some ACT prep in schools. This is good for helping students get into college, but can be bad if it takes away from other instructional goals, as we’ll discuss below. Drawbacks to Statewide ACT Testing Expanding the ACT does not guarantee an increase in students getting good enough ACT scores for college. In fact, scores are stagnating – while there is lots of growth in students taking the test, many students aren't passing the college readiness benchmarks. This means many students are taking the ACT but not getting very good scores, which does not help with college admissions or netting scholarships. Furthermore, requiring the ACT could take away time from other learning if teachers are forced to include ACT prep in their classes. Much of what is tested on the ACT is taught over multiple grade levels, so it could be hard for a teacher to include ACT prep in their normal curriculum. Also, in states that don’t require the ACT Plus Writing, many students will be required to pay to retake the ACT again since many colleges require the ACT Plus Writing. This makes the school ACT more of a practice run for those students, which could contribute to standardized testing fatigue. Finally, requiring the ACT could stress out students who aren’t college bound (with the exception of the states that include Work Keys as a test option alongside the ACT). The ACT is a college entrance examination, and while it claims to test a lot of what’s learned in schools, it’s not a comprehensive test of high school learning. If schools really want a sense of how students are doing, more straightforward tests (with less extreme time constraints) might give them a more accurate picture. What to Do If You Live in an ACT-Required State First of all, make sure you study hard for the school ACT if you’re applying to all-scores schools. The reason? You’ll have to send the score you get for the school test to any â€Å"all scores† schools, so you can’t treat it as a practice run. Also, look to see if your state requires the ACT Plus Writing or not – some states have students take the writing version, others do not. If you’re taking the non-writing version, check to see if colleges you want to apply to require the ACT Plus Writing, since you’ll have to take it again with writing to apply to them. Also, don’t forget about the SAT! If you think you’ll do better on that test, sign up for it instead. Remember, you’re only required to submit one or the other to colleges. Finally, remember SAT Subject Tests – some colleges require those in addition to the SAT or ACT! Even if your school is getting you off the ACT hook, you may still need to sign up for SAT Subject Tests on your own to apply to college. What to Do If You’re Not in an ACT-Required State First, check to see if your state requires the SAT. If your state requires the SAT, it might be easier to take the SAT since your school is paying for it. However, whether you’re in an SAT state or a state where neither test is required, take a practice version of both tests to figure out which one you’ll be best at. Focus on studying for the test you think you’ll be best at, regardless of which test seems to be most popular in your state or district. Maximize your studying time by just taking either the SAT or ACT, not both. What’s Next? Living in an ACT-required state? Learn more about the ACT: how long it is, how it’s scored, and what hints you can get from the directions. Check out the average ACT scores by state to learn how your state stacks up! Get the best methods and strategies for ACT English or SAT Writing, depending on which test you're taking. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Halle Edwards About the Author Halle Edwards graduated from Stanford University with honors. In high school, she earned 99th percentile ACT scores as well as 99th percentile scores on SAT subject tests. She also took nine AP classes, earning a perfect score of 5 on seven AP tests. As a graduate of a large public high school who tackled the college admission process largely on her own, she is passionate about helping high school students from different backgrounds get the knowledge they need to be successful in the college admissions process. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Interview Questions for Private School Admissions

Interview Questions for Private School Admissions The private school interview is an important part of the application process. In a typical interview for fifth grade and above, the student applicant meets one-on-one with a member of the admissions staff to discuss the students interests and experiences. The interview adds a personal dimension to the application and helps the admissions staff assess whether the student will be a good fit for the school. Weve outlined below some additional common questions that interviewers at private schools may ask and some potential ways to think about answering the questions. What is your favorite/least favorite subject and why? It may be easier to start with the subject you like the best, and there is no right answer to this question. Just be authentic. If you don’t like math and adore art, your transcript and extracurricular activities probably reflect this interest, so be sure to speak genuinely about the subjects you like, and try to explain why you like them. For example, you might say something along the lines of: â€Å"Art gives me the opportunity to build things with my hands, which I enjoy.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I like solving problems in math.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have always been interested in American history since I grew up in a historic town.† In answering the question about what you like least, you can be honest, but avoid being overly negative. For example, don’t mention specific teachers you don’t like, as it’s the job of a student to learn from all teachers. In addition, avoid statements that express your dislike of work. Instead, you can say something along the lines of: â€Å"I have struggled with math in the past, because ... History hasnt been the easiest subject for me, but I’m meeting with my teacher and trying to work on it.† In other words, show that you are working hard in all your subject areas, even if they don’t come naturally to you. Who are the people you most admire? This question is asking you about your interests and values, and, again, there is no one right answer. It’s worthwhile to think about this question a bit in advance. Your answer should be consistent with your interests. For example, if you love English, you can speak about the writers you admire. You can also speak about teachers or members of your family you admire, and explain why you admire these people. For example, you can say something along the lines of: â€Å"I admire my grandfather, who came from Hong Kong and ran his own business in a new country.†I admire my dad because he is hard-working but still makes time for me.I admire my coach because she pushes us, but also explains why we need to do certain things. Teachers are an important part of private school life, and generally, students in private schools get to know their teachers quite well. You may want to speak about what you most admire in some of your current or previous teachers and reflect a bit about what you think makes a good teacher. That kind of thinking reflects maturity in a potential student. What questions do you have about our school? The interviewer may conclude the interview with an opportunity for you to ask questions, and it’s important to think about some potential questions in advance. Try to avoid generic questions such as, â€Å"What extracurricular activities do you offer?† Instead, ask questions that show you know the school well and have done your research. Think about what you can add to the school community and how the school can advance and develop your interests. For example, if you are interested in community service, you can ask about the school’s opportunities in this area. The best school for any student is the school that’s the best fit, so while you are researching the school, you can determine whether the school is a place where you will grow. The interview is another opportunity for you to find out more about the school- and for them to find out who you are. That’s why it’s best to be genuine and honest, so you can wind up at a school that’s r ight for you.

Finance Problems Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance Problems - Speech or Presentation Example A14. (Stock valuation) Suppose Toyota has nonmaturing (perpetual) preferred stock outstanding that pays a $1.00 quarterly dividend and has a required return of 12% APR (3% per quarter). What is the stock worth? By looking at the table and the percentage of increases and decreases among the 3 types of bonds, it is apparent that the interest-rate risk is higher for longer versus shorter bonds. The longer ones are more volatile, which signifies the level of risk for the investor. Bond 3 has the highest volatility among the three. Because the payment to be received would only amount to 150, the future value of the investment only amounts to 150. The number of periods is 3.5 years. Because the coupon rate at 1000 face value is 9.5%, the investor receives 95 in interest payments. Therefore, the expected rate of return amounts to -1.34%. If the company can pay the principal in the end of the contract, the future value would amount to 1,000. Then the number of years in which interest is paid is 10 years, providing an expected rate of return of 22.42%. In order to compute for the value of the stock, all the dividend payment should be discounted back to the present, as well as the terminal price. Therefore, the dividend in year 2 is discounted using the hurdle rate of 13% for two years. This amounts to 0.78. Then the terminal price is determined using the dividend growth model, where the dividend in year 3, which has grown by 6% to 1.06, is divided by the difference between the hurdle rate and the growth rate. Thus, the terminal price of the stock is 15.14. But this is the price at year 3. It has to be discounted back to the present using the hurdle rate of 13%. Thus, the present value of the terminal price is 11.86. In order to get the final value, the present value of the dividend should be added to the terminal price which amounts to 12.64. This will be James valuation. On the other hand, for Bret, the same procedure should be utilized. In order to compute for the

Humans In Biological And Behavioral Continuum Essay

Humans In Biological And Behavioral Continuum - Essay Example In the behavioral and biological continuum, different animal species hold different positions. The determinant of this categorization based on a quantitative, rather than a qualitative approach. Humans rank as the most intelligent of all the other primates. This is the case if we define intelligence depending on thought patterns and ability to solve problems. Intelligence is a product of brain organ, which all primates own. The differences in intelligence level between human beings and other primates, therefore, rest on the differences in the capabilities of their brain matter. Human beings have a relatively larger brain as compared to chimpanzees and other primates, however, their brain processes and functions are the same (Lewis, Jurmain & Kilgore, 2010). Both human beings and other primates portray an array of related behavior. Parental love is vital for them all. The offspring of both humans and other primates need parental love, failure to which their growth will not be successful and whole, and will reflect in their adulthood years. All primate species show their need for bonding with others. In their early developmental years, young humans and other young primates depend on their older counterparts for general learning and adaptation to their new environment. Older members of human and other primates’ population are charged with the role of nurturing the young ones. All primates, including humans, react differently to different situations. The difference is that humans demonstrate a more adept degree of feelings and emotions such as cruelty, aggression, tenderness, altruism, and compassion. Humans can differentiate between ‘good’ and ‘evil’, unlike chimpanzees that do not even feel grief.

Insider Trading in India-an Analysis of Yesterday Essay Example for Free

Insider Trading in India-an Analysis of Yesterday Essay It also contained provisions prohibiting fraud related to securities trading. However, insider trading laws were mostly built with the support of US courtroom decisions. Ultimately, two legislations were enacted which specifically addressed the issue of insider trading, firstly, by the Insider Trading Sanctions Act, 1984 and secondly, by the Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act, 1988. ‘Utpal Bhattacharya and H. Daouk, in their study on insider trading, state that the jurisprudence on insider trading saw a rise from the 1990s, and only 81 countries out of 103 countries reviewed and had insider trading laws, while prosecution took place only in 38 countries. ’ In India, several committees were formed to check the applicability of the US regulations on Indian soil. The first committee which took the initiative to evaluate the regulations on short swing profit was PJ Thomas Committee, thereby introducing Sections 307 and 308 in the Companies Act, 1956. This basically requires the directors and managers of the company to make shareholding disclosures. However, such discloser requirements were still not enough to curb the nuisance and further deliberations were thought necessary over the matter. Hence, in 1979, Sachar Committee was formed, followed by the Patel Committee (1986) and finally Abid Hussain Committee (1989). All these three committees voiced out their opinion of having an immediate solution to the problem and advocated the need to have a separate law altogether on insider trading in stock market. Finally when the post liberalization period arrived, activities in the Indian stock market were at its peak and hence to acquire the necessary control over the domain, in 1992, the SEBI Act was introduced. The SEBI Act, 1992 in turn used its power to formulate a number of regulations and thus as one of those regulations, the SEBI (Insider Trading) Regulations was born. Later on, the said regulations were amended in 2002 and now it is known as the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 1992 (hereinafter â€Å"the insider regulations†). Since then, changes were made at least twice, one in 2002 and another in 2008. Jurisprudence behind Insider Trading Laws ‘Insider trading occurs when a corporate insider trades on information before it is disclosed to the general public. ’ The fundamental legal principle behind barring such an activity is that anyone who has acquired any kind of material or special information about a security in his fiduciary capacity should not be allowed to trade with the same security for his own benefit. In stock market, trust and confidentiality are two sides of the same coin. Investors invest their money based on the integrity of the market. Hence, to develop a healthy market, both prospective and current investors must feel secured to invest. Law in matters of tracking insider trading, could be of help in two ways, firstly, it could penalize those who engage in insider trading and secondly, it could create an incentive based system which would encourage disclosure of such activities. In past also, there have been catastrophic consequences where innocent public were robbed off their money because of few people who due to their greed jeaopardised the functioning of entire stock market. Stock market is a place where people expect simple demand and supply to influence the price of the securities. So when such prices are rigged, the investors start losing confidence, as a result either they start withdrawing money from the market or they end up not investing at all. This in turn stops the free flow of capital and other very important financial activities which could be very appalling for the economy. Description of Insider Trading as an Offence Laws related to insider trading in India are still in the nascent stage. The SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 1992 gives a very detailed description of insider trading, however no where it has defined the term ‘Insider Trading’. For understanding the scheme of insider trading, there are four definitions which could help the various authorities to locate such an activity. The concept of ‘Insider Trading’ can be understood when the definitions of ‘insider’, ‘dealing in securities’, ‘price sensitive information’ and ‘connected persons’ are read together and understood in consonance with each other. The term ‘insider’ can be classified for convenience into at least two or more forms.

The Crown Of Diamond: Overview :: essays research papers

1. Author? Sir Arthur Conan Doil. 2. Setting? Baker Street, Threadneedle street, and Streathham in London England. 3. Identify the theme of your book? The theme is to never misjudge people until proven guilty. 4. Story? One morning, a well-known gentleman went into a bank in London, and was received immediately by Mr. Alexander Holder, head of the bank. He asked for a loan of fifty thousand Pounds. Mr. Holder asked him to present collateral to cover that large sum of money; the man showed him a crown that belongs to the country. Knowing the risk, Mr. Holder agreed to lend the gentleman that large sum of money if he pays it back in a few days. After the gentleman left Mr. Holder decided to keep the crown all the time near by him, so he took the crown to his home in Streatham. There he lived with his only son Arthur and his niece Mary who was an orphan. He told them about his story with the crown of diamonds. When the father was going to sleep, Arthur asked for two hundred pounds. He refused to give him thinking his son was spoiled by his rich friends who had nothing to do except watch horses. Before going to sleep, he went to check that all windows and doors were locked. He saw Mary at a side window at the hall. She closed it quickly, and Holder noticed that she looked anxious. After he went to sleep, he heard some noise that woke him up; he waited until he heard it again coming from his sitting room. He jumped out of his bed and saw his son holding the crown broken from the side and three diamonds were missing. In grief, he accused Arthur of being a thief and a liar. Meanwhile Mary came in and seeing the crown fainted. Arthur asked if he could leave for five minutes but Holder refused and called the police to take his only beloved son to jail. The police searched the house but could not find anything and advised Holder to get the help of Mr. Holmes the famous detective. Mr. Holder went to Mr. Holmes in a hysterical manner. He was calmed down and started to tell him his mystery. Then Holmes asked him whether any one visits them, no one replied Holder except for Arthur’s friend George Burnwell. He added that Mary does not go out of the house, which seemed strange for a young lady but her uncle thought of her as a pleasant and quite girl, and thought of his son of being guilty.

Boxing Should Be Banned

Akeira Golden March 28, 2013 Ms. Lewis Critical Reading Boxing is Dangerous and should be banned The article suggests that boxing needs a fighting chance but I would disagree on that. Boxing is a dangerous sport that can result in death, concussions, and forms of dementia from too much head blows throughout their career. Boxers like Benny †kid† Paret and Deuk koo kim have died in the ring due to injuries sustained during a fight. Boxing involves powerful people pounding each other in the head, and ribs until one has won.Even doctors see boxing as a dangerously unacceptable sport. Although boxing can cause injuries that you may see for example, black eyes, broken nose and swollen mouth, it also can cause injuries that are inside like internal bleeding caused by too many blows to the ribs. The sport of boxing maybe fun and entertaining to watch but dangerous in reality and should be banned. Many boxers are married with children, they can have one fight cause them not to see they daughter face again. Study shows too many blows to the eye can result in blindness.Boxing can be dangerous to the boxer that wins for instance in November 2011, James Butler lost against Alien Grant, so he invited him to the middle of the ring to congratulate him but instead he hit him with a haymaker breaking his jaw etc. Some boxers don’t know how to take their lost like a man in end up trying to retaliate. Everyone knows the Holyfield- Tyson fight when holy field and Tyson was going head to head in trying to win , when Tyson was upset that Holyfield was head-butting him he did a cannibalistic move and bit off his ear spitting it on the boxing ring floor.One fight resulted in a boxer losing his ear just because of retaliation. Boxing should be banned all the cons that’s in boxing and what boxing is all about. People killing each other and not getting penalized for it because it’s a sport. What about those families who are sitting in the audience watching their relative fall to the floor not knowing if he’s dead or just badly injured? Some may see boxing as a fun sport that gets you into shape but not see how boxers are getting damaged for the rest of their lives. In conclusion, boxing should have never been permitted so it definitely shouldn’t be given another chance.In the ring pounding each other brains out body parts on the floor, blood flying everywhere for what? A title?. Boxing doesn’t make sense it’s a sport where you are able to beat someone to death and not get penalized for it. I disagree with the author that thinks boxing needs a fighting chance. He may only think that because he sitting back and watching others beat their selves to death and he not in the ring getting himself hurt. These people be scarred for the rest of their life instead of using their strength to do something productive they use it to beat people to death.

Environmental Dumping Essay

The natural resources that a country controls are integral factors in one’s growth and success. If these natural resources are translated into something useful and are properly appropriated while being maintained in a healthy state, can bring in so much revenues and benefits to a country. Thus, it is of great importance that nation’s leaders take massive measures of protecting the natural resources that their countries possess. More so, international leaders should make it a point that the awareness for harnessing sound environmental policies is being enforced. This however, if not done, might impede the growth not only of a certain country’s national economy, but may turn in international economic losses as well. However, given this considerably enormous importance that the environment plays in a nation’s success, more often than not it is one of the most neglected areas in a country’s development. The past two decades, the calls for environmental justice grew louder and louder. Most of the injustices done against natural resources are mostly hastened by human’s aggressions. In search for various ways of generating economic prosperity, humans, in particular nation’s leaders have overlooked the necessity to maintain proper environmental precautions that shall keep natural resources in a fine state (Adeola, 2000, p. 687). In a globalized world wherein the human consumption is reaching far end level in all countries especially the more advanced ones, international waste dumping poses a great problem. More than the issue of high rate consumption there is, dumping of wastes has been more critical than ever. It reaches far more issues in the aspect of environmental justice and human rights. The issue of environmental justice and human rights are interconnected. Leaders of more advanced and powerful nations have used their superiority to manipulate international policies related to environmental issues in such a way that they get the upper hand and the benefits from the weaker states’ natural resources. In most cases, environmental policies are maneuvered in such a way that it rather serves as genocidal acts to legally drive away minority groups so that their natural resources and lands may be appropriated in accordance to the wants and wishes of wealthy nations (Adeola, 2000, p. 687). Accordingly, given that industrialized nations have a greater share in the world consumption, hence they should be the first entities who are ought to be responsible for cleaning their wastes. But nonetheless, weak nations suffer the blunder of having to become dumpsites for advanced countries against their will. With the fact that advanced countries can manipulate rules to satisfy their needs, weak countries can be legally forced to receive industrial wastes from first world countries (Adeola, 2000, pp. 688-689). Powerful nations have seized the privilege of gaining economic benefits, while they have successfully and painstakingly avoided the responsibility for their own wastes (Adeola, 2000, pp. 688-689). Strong countries would usually use their influence over the international economic arena to forcefully use other countries as dumpsites of the waste generated in industrialized nations. And given that most of the countries worldwide have adhered to the tenets of globalization, most of the poor nations voluntarily submitted to the idea that they have to willfully succumb to the calls of more industrialized nations, thus accepting the idea to serve as industrial dumpsites. Thus giving weak nations the brunt of bearing the dismal effect for their environment and natural resources, that at most times have not been generated int heir countries. Though there are certain conventions/policies which have been set up to control this alarming irresponsible dumping of wastes, still, there are blunders that can be pointed out. In addition to waste dumping, another issue that should worry the international community is the trading of recyclable wastes. Although the Basel Convention is bound to formulate policies geared towards setting a standard on trading of wastes, more often than not, these policies favor richer nations. In effect, the Basel Convention has not been so successful in regulating waste trades. The definitions that it has set out are vague and often do not coincide with the nation’s own set of definitions. For example, a hazardous waste according to the Basel Convention may not be considered hazardous for a particular country, therefore completely not abiding with it. Thus, these inconsistencies make these definitions and policies unfit for use (Alter, 1994, pp. 109-110). In addition, different countries have opposed the Basel Convention to its use arguing that the possible banning of waste trade can harm their economy. Most of the countries, both the developed and developing nations, that halting the trade will serve grave effects on their economy. First, developed nations could lose an ample amount of economic profits if they lose the chance of dumping their wastes on poorer countries. And on the other hand, the claim of less developed nations that they can only afford second hand materials to be used in their industries, rather than generating raw materials of their own which are more extravagant to produce (Alter, 1994, pp. 111-112). Moreover, recent data and statistics are able to show the manner at which waste dumping has been proven to serve distinct harsh effects on the economy, health and well being of the nations that have been brought up to serve as dump sites. This matter has put the issue of social inequity in the light. The problem of the distribution of environmental hazards has been lopsidedly pushed towards the weaker nations, whilst leaving richer nations away from the problem that they have created. Given the ill conditions of their consumption patterns – their poor economic abilities render the people residing in such area the tendency to consume less than the population in rich countries – they bear the brunt of having to accommodate industrial wastes which have been ironically not produced and consumed within their countries (Anderton, 1994, pp. 29-248). Thus, in such matters, cleaning your own mess does not count. Racism and the logic of whoever stays stronger gain the upper hand (Anderton, 1994, pp. 29-248). Thus, the more powerful a state can be, the easier they can get to bend laws against the will of weaker nations and their inhabitants not mindful of the harmful effects it might render them. Much of the contradiction and irony lie in the fact that as much as human beings benefit largely from the blessings that the environment and its natural resources has bestowed upon them, humans are the first to be blamed from the hastening process of its depletion. More than an issue of high consumption in industrialized nations, the powerful leaders of the world have not devised a way towards proper disposal of their wastes. Industrial wastes have been dumped haphazardly, thus contaminating the environment and gravely affect natural resources. Environmental injustice is even more highlighted with the fact that the country who generates more wastes, is generally the country who gets away with it by dumping their wastes somewhere else as a form of a â€Å"recyclable wastes† which in any way generate more environment toxins. In the guise of economic prosperity and austerity measures, environment suffers a lot. Rich countries dump industrial toxins as a form of generating more profit for trading their wastes. While developing and poor countries accept these wastes and use scrap materials because they are cheaper, unmindful of the harmful emissions they may release that can endanger their environment. Thus, though high-end consumption in industrialized countries may pose a threat to the environment, irresponsible dumping of the wastes generated through these consumptions serve more dangerous as the former. And if the international community does not make regulations on proper disposal of these wastes, environment is off to suffer gravely than ever. References Adeola, Francis. January 2000. Cross-National Environmental Injustice and Human Rights Issues. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 43 No. 4. Alter, Harvey. August 1994. Controlling International Trade in Wastes. Anderton, Douglas. et al. May 1994. Environmental Equity: The Demographics of Dumping. Demography. Vol. 31, No. 2.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence Essay Example

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence Essay Example Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence Essay Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence Essay Abstraction Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) is the intelligence exhibits by machines. AI enable machines to believe and work out jobs somehow human-like and act or execute in human-like mode. AI is uncomparable with human intelligence. However, AI can be implemented in humans’ day-to-day lives to help them with complicated undertakings. One of the human intelligence issues is holding barriers in executing good determination devising. The facet in determination devising is besides applied in a few AI field such as health care and robotics which will be discussed farther in this paper. Introduction Technology is emerging twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours where people are hunger for more sophisticated engineering to help them or give them new positions or cognition. Artificial Intelligence or normally abbreviated as AI is the intelligence shown by machines or package, which normally involves human-like intelligence. It has become an academic field of survey that focused on making intelligence. The term â€Å"Artificial Intelligence† was coined by late John McCarthy of Stanford University in 1956 and after two old ages, he published his paper which regarded by many as the first 1 on logical AI ( Bogue, 2014 ) . Alan Turing, a British mathematician, cryptographer, computing machine scientist and life scientist, proposed a trial called Turing trial to find the machine’s ability to expose intelligence. The trial requires a human justice to hold natural conversations with a human and a machine that is designed to bring forth human-like public presentation. If the j ustice is failed to separate which 1 is human and which one is machine, the machine is considered demoing intelligence. CASE STUDY Human INTELLIGENCE IN DECISION MAKING Human intelligence is considered as the most powerful tools in determination devising. Definition of human intelligence is that a individual has the rational capacity of a homo, which characterized by perceptual experience, consciousness, self-awareness every bit good as will. Through their intelligence, worlds possess a cognitive ability to larn, organize constructs, understand, use logic and ground. The abilities besides include the capacities to acknowledge forms, comprehend thoughts, program, work out job, make determinations, retain and usage linguistic communication to pass on. Intelligence enables worlds to see and believe, while determination devising can be viewed as cognitive methodological analysis used to find a strong belief or a design among a few options of imaginable results. Each determination settling on process delivers a last determination that could perchance arouse activity. Choice or determination devising is the probe of acknowledging and picking picks focused around the qualities and disposition of the head. Decision devising is one of the focal exercising of disposal and an huge piece of any methodological analysis of use. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS Application of AI as the most important and exciting field in robotic development had been argued by many industrial observers. AI engineering has the potency to play a function in a diverseness of automatons including comrade and caring automatons such as independent land, sea and air vehicles, humanoid types, hunt and deliverance automatons, swarm automatons, military automatons and robotic playthings. The component of AI have a function to play for case deft use, independent pilotage, machine vision, address acknowledgment, pattern acknowledgment and location and function ( Bogue, 2014 ) . Humanoid automatons and independent, nomadic automatons are two field of robotic that represent the greatest figure of AI construct. Honda’s Asimo, android automaton is a consequence of two decennaries of research in humanoid robotics by Honda applied scientists. Asimo has the ability to acknowledge traveling objects, gestures, positions, sounds, faces and interact in a human-like mode. Figure 1 Honda’s Asimo The intent of developing robotic vehicles and independent nomadic automatons is to carry on specific undertakings such as hunt and deliverance operations. A robotic vehicle called â€Å"Stanley† is developed in 2005 at Stanford University has won the Defense Advances Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) Grand Challenge by driving autonomously for 131 stat mis along a trail that the vehicle neer gone through earlier ( Bogue, 2014 ) . In the conference of the Robotic Industries Association ( RIA ) in November 2006, John Felice, VP Manufacturing Technology and Global Enterprise, Chrysler Group discuss the fabrication challenge confronting Chrysler. Reducing costs while remain competitory in the concern is the obvious challenge. However, the chief job arises from the increasing figure of auto theoretical account and the frequence of theoretical account alterations. These conversions are clip consuming and could be 1000000s of dollars. John Felice proposed that robotic is the cardina l to work out the job ( Wilson, 2006 ) . Major companies should heighten their research squad to applied AI component in industrial robotics. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE The promotion in machine technology has swayed the scientists to make programming with the intent of helping specializers in settling on pick without reding the governments specifically. The package development misuses the capableness of human learning ability, for illustration, concluding, doing pick, accommodating ( by meeting ) and legion others. AI is non a new thought, yet it has been acknowledged as an issue invention in package technology. It has been connected in legion scopes, for illustration, direction, concern, curative and piecing. In most making nation’s deficient of medicative pro has built the mortality of patients, experienced different infections. The deficient of renewing pros will neer be overcome inside a brief clip of clip. The constitutions of higher acquisition could be that as it may, do a prompt move to present whatever figure specializers as would be prudent. In any instance, while sitting tight for standbies to stop up specializers and the specializ ers to weave up experts, legion patients may already decease. Current pattern for renewing intervention obliged patients to advocate maestro for farther analysis and intervention. Other curative specializer might non hold adequate command or experience to pull off certain high-hazard illnesss. In any instance, the delayed period for medical specialties typically takes a twosome of yearss, hebdomads or even months. When the patients see the specializer, the complaints may hold officially spread out. As the greater portion of the high-hazard illness could merely be cured at the early phase, the patients may necessitate to pine away over whatever remains of their life ( Ishak A ; Siraj, n.d ) . Machine plan known as Medical Decision-Support System was intended to assist well-being experts settle on clinical determination ( Shortliffe, 1987 ) . The model manages medicative information and larning country in naming patients’ conditions and proposing suited medical specialties for the specific patients. Patient-Centered Health Information Systems is a patient focused renewing informations model created to help checking, supervising and decipher apprehension s medical history ( Szolovits et al. , 1994 ) . Likewise the system gives support to patient and curative specializer. The system serves to heighten the quality of medical pick devising, construct patient consistency and minimizes iatrogenic unwellness and medical mistakes. In medical, communicating is critical as new informations or new disclosure is the key for the hereafter endurance ( Shortliffe et al. , 2000 ) . In enlargement, communicating helps specializers sharing their penetration or expertness ( Detmer and Shortliffe, 1997 ) . As an illustration, a pro from Sydney can give online curative assistance to specialist at Kuala Lumpur who is handling a patient that suffers from serious malignant neoplastic disease job. An alternate specializer from other state, for illustration, United Kingdom can leave his experience pull offing the same instances. Communication between specializers or expert from other country helps specialist at Kuala Lumpur naming his patient and gives appropriate intervention. Figure 2 Example of communicating between specializers ( Information Sharing ) For illustration, AI is implemented in Healthcare is Remote Monitoring Of High-Risk Patients Using Artificial Intelligence by utilizing scheme and model for distant monitoring of bad patients utilizing unreal intelligence. A bulk of high hazard patients can be at the same clip checked without patient intercession. A patient hears inquiries in the specializer s voice at each monitoring brush and responds. The patient s reactions are recorded at a distant focal monitoring station and can be examined on line or subsequently ( Langen, Katz, Dempsey, A ; Pompano, 1993 ) . Artificial intelligence ( AI ) and voice engineering ( DECvoice ) are consolidated to show to the patient, during an observant session or experience, inquiries which would be chosen from a bulk of typical recorded enquiries. Inquiries to the patient are picked utilizing AI, in visible radiation of the patient s reaction, by parsing. The screen could take a few constructions, for illustration, for e.g. , uterine action s trips, glucometers, blood force per unit area turnups, pulse proctors, electroencephalographs, and so forth. Four phone lines are committed to every patient, one for the screen, one for the voice, one as a backup and one to feel failures. Dual tone matrix frequence signals ( DTMF ) may be utilized for transmittal of checkered marks and other informations which can be perceived by Decvoice, which is yet one sample of the voice technology which can be utilized ( Langen et al. , 1993 ) . The Artificial Intelligence model is determined by an easy to use Natural Language interface which guides the Voice model to direct ( talk ) appropriate inquiries, perceive ( listen for ) the patient s replies, update the patient s database, direct the telephone-patient monitoring, and rede the HMO office sing know aparting patient conditions. The informations obtained from the patient calls is accessible to the curative specializer on both a real-time footing when the calls are being made, or on a n ad-hoc footing after the calls are logged ( Langen et al. , 1993 ) . Figure 3 Example Remote Monitoring Of High-Risk Patients Professionals IN BOTH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND HUMAN INTELLIGENCE Experts and scientists are eager in doing machines which can copy humans’ intelligence. Somehow, AI shows undeniably great public presentations, in some instances even better than a human being. AI well has indefatigable public presentation by making undertakings without experiencing tired, unlike human. AI besides provides more logical decision-making, which is really utile in some instances. Completing undertaking besides easy as AI is like a false head, taught to make specific occupations. Human intelligence have barriers to acquire do a good decision-making. Harmonizing to Dr. Edward Russo and Dr. Paul J. H. Schoemaker, a simple method have been produce to avoid the determination barriers faced by human intelligence and can be categorized into four chief component. The first component is bordering which is forming the enquiry where this implies qualifying what must be chosen and make up ones minding in preparative manner what standard would do us tend toward one pick to an surrogate. Another component is garnering intelligence by looking for bot apprehensible actualities and reasonable ratings of â€Å"mysterious† that we will necessitate to settle on the pick. Third component would be coming to conclusion where sound framing and good intelligence do non vouch a wise determination. Humans merely unable to systematically do good determinations utilizing seat-of-the-pants judgement entirely, even with first-class informations in forepart of them. Worlds need to l arn from the feedback that they have acquired which is the last component for a good decision-making. Everybody needs to make a model for deriving from the effects of past picks. This usually means remaining informed sing what is expected to go on, deliberately guarding against functioning toward self-clarifications. CONS IN DECISION-MAKING OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE’S PERFORMANCE Good determinations are difficult to do and there are several barriers that occurs when a individual or people seeking to do or happen good determination. A good decision-maker must, consciously or unconsciously go through each stage of determinations doing procedure ( Westernberg, 1993 ) . As in the facet of human intelligence, one of the most common barrier that can disrupt superb determination devising is immersing in. In this state of affairs, people begin to garner information and range decision without first taking a few proceedingss to believe about the nucleus of the issue they are confronting or to believe through how they believe determinations like this one should be made. Peoples besides undergo frame sightlessness, which is another barrier to a good-decision devising. Frame sightlessness is where people puting out to work out the incorrect job because they have created a mental model for their determination with small idea, which causes them to overlook the best options or lose sight of of import aims. Lack of frame control is another barrier faced by human being in determination devising where they failed to consciously specify the job in more ways than one or being unduly influenced by others. Some people besides tend to experience overconfidence in their judgement. This state of affairs besides could blockade a good-decision devising as people failed to roll up the cardinal factual information because they are excessively confidence and excessively assured of their premises and sentiments. Another obstruction faced by people in acquiring a good-decision devising is unforesightful cutoffs, where they rely in suitably on â€Å"rules of thumb† such as implicitly swearing the most readily available information or grounding excessively much on convenient facts. When doing a determination, worlds have the inclination to believe that they can maintain all the information they discovered directly in their caputs and hence, improvise with small re adying. They should follow a systematic process when doing the concluding pick. When doing determinations within a group, common thing that happens is a group failure. Peoples in the group assume that with many smart people involved, good picks will follow automatically and this action will caused failure in pull offing group decision-making. Worlds are likely to protect their self-importance doing them gulling themselves about feedback. In this instance, they are failed to construe the grounds from past results for what it truly says. Worlds besides anticipating that experience will do lessons accessible of course and they tend to neither maintaining path of the effects of their picks, nor look intoing the consequences in ways to bring out their cardinal lessons. Decisions procedure needs to scrutinize and failure to this action means failed to make organized attack to understanding their ain decision-making, so that they remain invariably exposed to all the errors mentioned before . As in the affair of AI, machines have the possibility of dislocation which is disadvantageous. No affair how easy the undertaking can be completed by AI, if there is a instance of malfunction occurring, the whole thing means nil. AI besides have the inclination to lose the indispensable information or erroneously modified or overwrite them. AI or a computing machine system needs to be switched off on a day-to-day footing as consequences for care which restrain the end product and efficiency of the machine. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION AI has the possible in assorted field of engineering such as computing machine scientific discipline, robotics, health care and even music. There are now turning attempts to unify these Fieldss of research and make new engineerings out of them. However, despite of all the mode of advanced attacks, there are still a far spread between unreal intelligence and human intelligence. Some people might reason that Ai is merely the affair of treating power, but some people believe that true AI will bring out the deep apprehension of how human intelligence plants. AI capablenesss are still questionable but in several decennaries to come, AI can assure infinite possibilities of growing in engineering. Mentions Westenberg, M. ( 1993 ) . Decision traps: The 10 barriers to brilliant decision-making A ; how to get the better of them. Acta Psychologica, 83 ( 1 ) , 67-69. doi:10.1016/0001-6918 ( 93 ) 90036-q. Ishak, W. H. W. , A ; Siraj, F. ( n.d ) . ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL APPLICATION: AN EXPLORATION. Langen, P. A. , Katz, J. S. , Dempsey, G. , A ; Pompano, J. ( 1993 ) .REMOTE MONITORING OF HIGH-RISK PATIENTS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.Paper presented at the United States Patent. Szolovits, P. , Doyle, J. , Long, W. J. , Kohane, I. , and Pauker, S. G. ( 1994 ) . Guardian Angel: Patient-Centred Health Information Systems.Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-604. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Shortliffe, E. H. , Fagan, L. M. and Yu, V. L. ( 2000 ) . The Infectious Diseases Physician and the Internet.In Mandell, G.L. , Bennett, J.E. and Dolin, R. ( Eds. ) , Mandell, Douglas,and Bennett s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Churchill Livingstone, Inc. , Pennsylvania, pp. 3258-3263. Shortliffe, E. H. ( 1987 ) . Computer Programs to Support Clinical Decision Making.Journalof the American Medical Association, Vol. 258, No. 1. Detmer, W. M. and Shortliffe, E. H. ( 1997 ) . Using the Internet to Improve Knowledge Diffusion in Medicine.Communicationss of the Associations of Computing Machinery, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 101 108. Wilson, M. , A ; Wilson, M. ( 2007 ) . Feature Robotics Industry Forum – 2006. doi:10.1108/01439910710727432 Bogue, R. , A ; Bogue, R. ( 2014 ) . The function of unreal intelligence in robotics. doi:10.1108/IR-01-2014-0300.