Do Statewide ACT Programs Drive ACT Popularity

Do Statewide ACT Programs Drive ACT Popularity SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is getting more popular each year, though it still might not be as popular as the Plastics. Wondering if having the ACT required in states increases its overall popularity nationwide? And is requiring the ACT the best policy for students? We’ll discuss the statewide ACT policies and how effective they are nationwide. Also, we’ll tell you how to approach the ACT, whether you’re living in an ACT-required state or not! Which States Require the ACT? The following states require the ACT in some form. Note that some states require the ACT Plus Writing, others require the plain ACT, and a few allow students to choose. States that Require the ACT Plus Writing Alabama Hawaii Missouri Montana Nevada North Carolina South Carolina Wisconsin Wyoming States that Require the ACT (No Writing) Arkansas Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi Utah Other Alaska (students choose between ACT Plus Writing, SAT or ACT Work Keys) North Dakota (students choose between ACT without writing or ACT Work Keys) Oklahoma (districts have the option to offer the ACT Have Statewide Testing Programs Increased ACT Participation Nationally? You may be wondering if the various ACT state partnerships have driven an increase in ACT test takers nationally. Indeed, making the ACT a part of the standardized test routines in various states may have caused the ACT to overtake the SAT in popularity. Back in 2001, Colorado and Illinois became the first states to require all high school juniors to take the ACT (although bothhave since switched over to the SAT). This was part of a growing national movement to hold schools accountable for student progress through standardized testing. According to a 2009 report from the ACT, â€Å"Colorado uses the ACT in its Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP) as an eleventh-grade achievement-based assessment that gives the state an indication of how well its public schools are performing at educating students at the K–12 level. Illinois also administers the ACT to all of its public high school juniors as part of its Prairie State Achievement Exam (PSAE). Illinois uses the ACT to measure student progress on meeting state learning.† Illinois and Colorado were the first states to require the ACT. By 2009, Kentucky, Michigan, and Wyoming had followed suit. And, as we’ve seen, the number of states requiring the ACT only continued to grow, which seems to have further driven the ACT's growth. As of 2012, the ACT has surpassed the SAT as the most commonly taken college entrance exam in the US. From the most recent data, 1,924,436 students took the ACT in 2015, while just 1.7 million took the SAT. Given that the ACT is required in some form in 18states while the SAT is only required in four, ACT’s statewide testing partnerships could be seen as a big part of its national increase. The ACT has also been the exam of state in mid-western and southern states, which has added up as those states’ populations have grown. A lot of these expanded partnerships are possible because ACT has marketed itself as an exam that tests what students learn in school, not just â€Å"achievement† or â€Å"ability† like the SAT. Are State ACT Partnerships Good for Students? There are many reasons expanding ACT testing can be a good thing – it can help students apply to college and get scholarships, for one. But there are plenty of reasons it’s not always the best move for students. We’ll discuss both sides below. Reasons Statewide ACT Testing Can Be Beneficial The main reason ACT testing can be good is because it gives ACT access to an entire student population. This means that, free of charge, thousands of students take an important step towards applying to college. Pretty much all colleges require standardized testing, and the ACT is accepted at nearly all. So by giving all students a chance to take the ACT once, for free, these schools make at least one part of the college admission process easier for students. It also gives highly motivated students another chance at the ACT (students who would already be paying to take it once anyway) – which gives them a shot at higher scores and better scholarships. (As we’ve discussed before, the higher your ACT score, the higher the scholarships you can earn.) So instead of paying for two shots at the ACT, like many students do, you only have to pay for one. Finally, requiring the ACT encourages at least some ACT prep in schools. This is good for helping students get into college, but can be bad if it takes away from other instructional goals, as we’ll discuss below. Drawbacks to Statewide ACT Testing Expanding the ACT does not guarantee an increase in students getting good enough ACT scores for college. In fact, scores are stagnating – while there is lots of growth in students taking the test, many students aren't passing the college readiness benchmarks. This means many students are taking the ACT but not getting very good scores, which does not help with college admissions or netting scholarships. Furthermore, requiring the ACT could take away time from other learning if teachers are forced to include ACT prep in their classes. Much of what is tested on the ACT is taught over multiple grade levels, so it could be hard for a teacher to include ACT prep in their normal curriculum. Also, in states that don’t require the ACT Plus Writing, many students will be required to pay to retake the ACT again since many colleges require the ACT Plus Writing. This makes the school ACT more of a practice run for those students, which could contribute to standardized testing fatigue. Finally, requiring the ACT could stress out students who aren’t college bound (with the exception of the states that include Work Keys as a test option alongside the ACT). The ACT is a college entrance examination, and while it claims to test a lot of what’s learned in schools, it’s not a comprehensive test of high school learning. If schools really want a sense of how students are doing, more straightforward tests (with less extreme time constraints) might give them a more accurate picture. What to Do If You Live in an ACT-Required State First of all, make sure you study hard for the school ACT if you’re applying to all-scores schools. The reason? You’ll have to send the score you get for the school test to any â€Å"all scores† schools, so you can’t treat it as a practice run. Also, look to see if your state requires the ACT Plus Writing or not – some states have students take the writing version, others do not. If you’re taking the non-writing version, check to see if colleges you want to apply to require the ACT Plus Writing, since you’ll have to take it again with writing to apply to them. Also, don’t forget about the SAT! If you think you’ll do better on that test, sign up for it instead. Remember, you’re only required to submit one or the other to colleges. Finally, remember SAT Subject Tests – some colleges require those in addition to the SAT or ACT! Even if your school is getting you off the ACT hook, you may still need to sign up for SAT Subject Tests on your own to apply to college. What to Do If You’re Not in an ACT-Required State First, check to see if your state requires the SAT. If your state requires the SAT, it might be easier to take the SAT since your school is paying for it. However, whether you’re in an SAT state or a state where neither test is required, take a practice version of both tests to figure out which one you’ll be best at. Focus on studying for the test you think you’ll be best at, regardless of which test seems to be most popular in your state or district. Maximize your studying time by just taking either the SAT or ACT, not both. What’s Next? Living in an ACT-required state? Learn more about the ACT: how long it is, how it’s scored, and what hints you can get from the directions. Check out the average ACT scores by state to learn how your state stacks up! Get the best methods and strategies for ACT English or SAT Writing, depending on which test you're taking. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Halle Edwards About the Author Halle Edwards graduated from Stanford University with honors. In high school, she earned 99th percentile ACT scores as well as 99th percentile scores on SAT subject tests. She also took nine AP classes, earning a perfect score of 5 on seven AP tests. As a graduate of a large public high school who tackled the college admission process largely on her own, she is passionate about helping high school students from different backgrounds get the knowledge they need to be successful in the college admissions process. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Interview Questions for Private School Admissions

Interview Questions for Private School Admissions The private school interview is an important part of the application process. In a typical interview for fifth grade and above, the student applicant meets one-on-one with a member of the admissions staff to discuss the students interests and experiences. The interview adds a personal dimension to the application and helps the admissions staff assess whether the student will be a good fit for the school. Weve outlined below some additional common questions that interviewers at private schools may ask and some potential ways to think about answering the questions. What is your favorite/least favorite subject and why? It may be easier to start with the subject you like the best, and there is no right answer to this question. Just be authentic. If you don’t like math and adore art, your transcript and extracurricular activities probably reflect this interest, so be sure to speak genuinely about the subjects you like, and try to explain why you like them. For example, you might say something along the lines of: â€Å"Art gives me the opportunity to build things with my hands, which I enjoy.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I like solving problems in math.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have always been interested in American history since I grew up in a historic town.† In answering the question about what you like least, you can be honest, but avoid being overly negative. For example, don’t mention specific teachers you don’t like, as it’s the job of a student to learn from all teachers. In addition, avoid statements that express your dislike of work. Instead, you can say something along the lines of: â€Å"I have struggled with math in the past, because ... History hasnt been the easiest subject for me, but I’m meeting with my teacher and trying to work on it.† In other words, show that you are working hard in all your subject areas, even if they don’t come naturally to you. Who are the people you most admire? This question is asking you about your interests and values, and, again, there is no one right answer. It’s worthwhile to think about this question a bit in advance. Your answer should be consistent with your interests. For example, if you love English, you can speak about the writers you admire. You can also speak about teachers or members of your family you admire, and explain why you admire these people. For example, you can say something along the lines of: â€Å"I admire my grandfather, who came from Hong Kong and ran his own business in a new country.†I admire my dad because he is hard-working but still makes time for me.I admire my coach because she pushes us, but also explains why we need to do certain things. Teachers are an important part of private school life, and generally, students in private schools get to know their teachers quite well. You may want to speak about what you most admire in some of your current or previous teachers and reflect a bit about what you think makes a good teacher. That kind of thinking reflects maturity in a potential student. What questions do you have about our school? The interviewer may conclude the interview with an opportunity for you to ask questions, and it’s important to think about some potential questions in advance. Try to avoid generic questions such as, â€Å"What extracurricular activities do you offer?† Instead, ask questions that show you know the school well and have done your research. Think about what you can add to the school community and how the school can advance and develop your interests. For example, if you are interested in community service, you can ask about the school’s opportunities in this area. The best school for any student is the school that’s the best fit, so while you are researching the school, you can determine whether the school is a place where you will grow. The interview is another opportunity for you to find out more about the school- and for them to find out who you are. That’s why it’s best to be genuine and honest, so you can wind up at a school that’s r ight for you.

Finance Problems Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance Problems - Speech or Presentation Example A14. (Stock valuation) Suppose Toyota has nonmaturing (perpetual) preferred stock outstanding that pays a $1.00 quarterly dividend and has a required return of 12% APR (3% per quarter). What is the stock worth? By looking at the table and the percentage of increases and decreases among the 3 types of bonds, it is apparent that the interest-rate risk is higher for longer versus shorter bonds. The longer ones are more volatile, which signifies the level of risk for the investor. Bond 3 has the highest volatility among the three. Because the payment to be received would only amount to 150, the future value of the investment only amounts to 150. The number of periods is 3.5 years. Because the coupon rate at 1000 face value is 9.5%, the investor receives 95 in interest payments. Therefore, the expected rate of return amounts to -1.34%. If the company can pay the principal in the end of the contract, the future value would amount to 1,000. Then the number of years in which interest is paid is 10 years, providing an expected rate of return of 22.42%. In order to compute for the value of the stock, all the dividend payment should be discounted back to the present, as well as the terminal price. Therefore, the dividend in year 2 is discounted using the hurdle rate of 13% for two years. This amounts to 0.78. Then the terminal price is determined using the dividend growth model, where the dividend in year 3, which has grown by 6% to 1.06, is divided by the difference between the hurdle rate and the growth rate. Thus, the terminal price of the stock is 15.14. But this is the price at year 3. It has to be discounted back to the present using the hurdle rate of 13%. Thus, the present value of the terminal price is 11.86. In order to get the final value, the present value of the dividend should be added to the terminal price which amounts to 12.64. This will be James valuation. On the other hand, for Bret, the same procedure should be utilized. In order to compute for the

Humans In Biological And Behavioral Continuum Essay

Humans In Biological And Behavioral Continuum - Essay Example In the behavioral and biological continuum, different animal species hold different positions. The determinant of this categorization based on a quantitative, rather than a qualitative approach. Humans rank as the most intelligent of all the other primates. This is the case if we define intelligence depending on thought patterns and ability to solve problems. Intelligence is a product of brain organ, which all primates own. The differences in intelligence level between human beings and other primates, therefore, rest on the differences in the capabilities of their brain matter. Human beings have a relatively larger brain as compared to chimpanzees and other primates, however, their brain processes and functions are the same (Lewis, Jurmain & Kilgore, 2010). Both human beings and other primates portray an array of related behavior. Parental love is vital for them all. The offspring of both humans and other primates need parental love, failure to which their growth will not be successful and whole, and will reflect in their adulthood years. All primate species show their need for bonding with others. In their early developmental years, young humans and other young primates depend on their older counterparts for general learning and adaptation to their new environment. Older members of human and other primates’ population are charged with the role of nurturing the young ones. All primates, including humans, react differently to different situations. The difference is that humans demonstrate a more adept degree of feelings and emotions such as cruelty, aggression, tenderness, altruism, and compassion. Humans can differentiate between ‘good’ and ‘evil’, unlike chimpanzees that do not even feel grief.

Insider Trading in India-an Analysis of Yesterday Essay Example for Free

Insider Trading in India-an Analysis of Yesterday Essay It also contained provisions prohibiting fraud related to securities trading. However, insider trading laws were mostly built with the support of US courtroom decisions. Ultimately, two legislations were enacted which specifically addressed the issue of insider trading, firstly, by the Insider Trading Sanctions Act, 1984 and secondly, by the Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act, 1988. ‘Utpal Bhattacharya and H. Daouk, in their study on insider trading, state that the jurisprudence on insider trading saw a rise from the 1990s, and only 81 countries out of 103 countries reviewed and had insider trading laws, while prosecution took place only in 38 countries. ’ In India, several committees were formed to check the applicability of the US regulations on Indian soil. The first committee which took the initiative to evaluate the regulations on short swing profit was PJ Thomas Committee, thereby introducing Sections 307 and 308 in the Companies Act, 1956. This basically requires the directors and managers of the company to make shareholding disclosures. However, such discloser requirements were still not enough to curb the nuisance and further deliberations were thought necessary over the matter. Hence, in 1979, Sachar Committee was formed, followed by the Patel Committee (1986) and finally Abid Hussain Committee (1989). All these three committees voiced out their opinion of having an immediate solution to the problem and advocated the need to have a separate law altogether on insider trading in stock market. Finally when the post liberalization period arrived, activities in the Indian stock market were at its peak and hence to acquire the necessary control over the domain, in 1992, the SEBI Act was introduced. The SEBI Act, 1992 in turn used its power to formulate a number of regulations and thus as one of those regulations, the SEBI (Insider Trading) Regulations was born. Later on, the said regulations were amended in 2002 and now it is known as the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 1992 (hereinafter â€Å"the insider regulations†). Since then, changes were made at least twice, one in 2002 and another in 2008. Jurisprudence behind Insider Trading Laws ‘Insider trading occurs when a corporate insider trades on information before it is disclosed to the general public. ’ The fundamental legal principle behind barring such an activity is that anyone who has acquired any kind of material or special information about a security in his fiduciary capacity should not be allowed to trade with the same security for his own benefit. In stock market, trust and confidentiality are two sides of the same coin. Investors invest their money based on the integrity of the market. Hence, to develop a healthy market, both prospective and current investors must feel secured to invest. Law in matters of tracking insider trading, could be of help in two ways, firstly, it could penalize those who engage in insider trading and secondly, it could create an incentive based system which would encourage disclosure of such activities. In past also, there have been catastrophic consequences where innocent public were robbed off their money because of few people who due to their greed jeaopardised the functioning of entire stock market. Stock market is a place where people expect simple demand and supply to influence the price of the securities. So when such prices are rigged, the investors start losing confidence, as a result either they start withdrawing money from the market or they end up not investing at all. This in turn stops the free flow of capital and other very important financial activities which could be very appalling for the economy. Description of Insider Trading as an Offence Laws related to insider trading in India are still in the nascent stage. The SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 1992 gives a very detailed description of insider trading, however no where it has defined the term ‘Insider Trading’. For understanding the scheme of insider trading, there are four definitions which could help the various authorities to locate such an activity. The concept of ‘Insider Trading’ can be understood when the definitions of ‘insider’, ‘dealing in securities’, ‘price sensitive information’ and ‘connected persons’ are read together and understood in consonance with each other. The term ‘insider’ can be classified for convenience into at least two or more forms.

The Crown Of Diamond: Overview :: essays research papers

1. Author? Sir Arthur Conan Doil. 2. Setting? Baker Street, Threadneedle street, and Streathham in London England. 3. Identify the theme of your book? The theme is to never misjudge people until proven guilty. 4. Story? One morning, a well-known gentleman went into a bank in London, and was received immediately by Mr. Alexander Holder, head of the bank. He asked for a loan of fifty thousand Pounds. Mr. Holder asked him to present collateral to cover that large sum of money; the man showed him a crown that belongs to the country. Knowing the risk, Mr. Holder agreed to lend the gentleman that large sum of money if he pays it back in a few days. After the gentleman left Mr. Holder decided to keep the crown all the time near by him, so he took the crown to his home in Streatham. There he lived with his only son Arthur and his niece Mary who was an orphan. He told them about his story with the crown of diamonds. When the father was going to sleep, Arthur asked for two hundred pounds. He refused to give him thinking his son was spoiled by his rich friends who had nothing to do except watch horses. Before going to sleep, he went to check that all windows and doors were locked. He saw Mary at a side window at the hall. She closed it quickly, and Holder noticed that she looked anxious. After he went to sleep, he heard some noise that woke him up; he waited until he heard it again coming from his sitting room. He jumped out of his bed and saw his son holding the crown broken from the side and three diamonds were missing. In grief, he accused Arthur of being a thief and a liar. Meanwhile Mary came in and seeing the crown fainted. Arthur asked if he could leave for five minutes but Holder refused and called the police to take his only beloved son to jail. The police searched the house but could not find anything and advised Holder to get the help of Mr. Holmes the famous detective. Mr. Holder went to Mr. Holmes in a hysterical manner. He was calmed down and started to tell him his mystery. Then Holmes asked him whether any one visits them, no one replied Holder except for Arthur’s friend George Burnwell. He added that Mary does not go out of the house, which seemed strange for a young lady but her uncle thought of her as a pleasant and quite girl, and thought of his son of being guilty.

Boxing Should Be Banned

Akeira Golden March 28, 2013 Ms. Lewis Critical Reading Boxing is Dangerous and should be banned The article suggests that boxing needs a fighting chance but I would disagree on that. Boxing is a dangerous sport that can result in death, concussions, and forms of dementia from too much head blows throughout their career. Boxers like Benny †kid† Paret and Deuk koo kim have died in the ring due to injuries sustained during a fight. Boxing involves powerful people pounding each other in the head, and ribs until one has won.Even doctors see boxing as a dangerously unacceptable sport. Although boxing can cause injuries that you may see for example, black eyes, broken nose and swollen mouth, it also can cause injuries that are inside like internal bleeding caused by too many blows to the ribs. The sport of boxing maybe fun and entertaining to watch but dangerous in reality and should be banned. Many boxers are married with children, they can have one fight cause them not to see they daughter face again. Study shows too many blows to the eye can result in blindness.Boxing can be dangerous to the boxer that wins for instance in November 2011, James Butler lost against Alien Grant, so he invited him to the middle of the ring to congratulate him but instead he hit him with a haymaker breaking his jaw etc. Some boxers don’t know how to take their lost like a man in end up trying to retaliate. Everyone knows the Holyfield- Tyson fight when holy field and Tyson was going head to head in trying to win , when Tyson was upset that Holyfield was head-butting him he did a cannibalistic move and bit off his ear spitting it on the boxing ring floor.One fight resulted in a boxer losing his ear just because of retaliation. Boxing should be banned all the cons that’s in boxing and what boxing is all about. People killing each other and not getting penalized for it because it’s a sport. What about those families who are sitting in the audience watching their relative fall to the floor not knowing if he’s dead or just badly injured? Some may see boxing as a fun sport that gets you into shape but not see how boxers are getting damaged for the rest of their lives. In conclusion, boxing should have never been permitted so it definitely shouldn’t be given another chance.In the ring pounding each other brains out body parts on the floor, blood flying everywhere for what? A title?. Boxing doesn’t make sense it’s a sport where you are able to beat someone to death and not get penalized for it. I disagree with the author that thinks boxing needs a fighting chance. He may only think that because he sitting back and watching others beat their selves to death and he not in the ring getting himself hurt. These people be scarred for the rest of their life instead of using their strength to do something productive they use it to beat people to death.

Environmental Dumping Essay

The natural resources that a country controls are integral factors in one’s growth and success. If these natural resources are translated into something useful and are properly appropriated while being maintained in a healthy state, can bring in so much revenues and benefits to a country. Thus, it is of great importance that nation’s leaders take massive measures of protecting the natural resources that their countries possess. More so, international leaders should make it a point that the awareness for harnessing sound environmental policies is being enforced. This however, if not done, might impede the growth not only of a certain country’s national economy, but may turn in international economic losses as well. However, given this considerably enormous importance that the environment plays in a nation’s success, more often than not it is one of the most neglected areas in a country’s development. The past two decades, the calls for environmental justice grew louder and louder. Most of the injustices done against natural resources are mostly hastened by human’s aggressions. In search for various ways of generating economic prosperity, humans, in particular nation’s leaders have overlooked the necessity to maintain proper environmental precautions that shall keep natural resources in a fine state (Adeola, 2000, p. 687). In a globalized world wherein the human consumption is reaching far end level in all countries especially the more advanced ones, international waste dumping poses a great problem. More than the issue of high rate consumption there is, dumping of wastes has been more critical than ever. It reaches far more issues in the aspect of environmental justice and human rights. The issue of environmental justice and human rights are interconnected. Leaders of more advanced and powerful nations have used their superiority to manipulate international policies related to environmental issues in such a way that they get the upper hand and the benefits from the weaker states’ natural resources. In most cases, environmental policies are maneuvered in such a way that it rather serves as genocidal acts to legally drive away minority groups so that their natural resources and lands may be appropriated in accordance to the wants and wishes of wealthy nations (Adeola, 2000, p. 687). Accordingly, given that industrialized nations have a greater share in the world consumption, hence they should be the first entities who are ought to be responsible for cleaning their wastes. But nonetheless, weak nations suffer the blunder of having to become dumpsites for advanced countries against their will. With the fact that advanced countries can manipulate rules to satisfy their needs, weak countries can be legally forced to receive industrial wastes from first world countries (Adeola, 2000, pp. 688-689). Powerful nations have seized the privilege of gaining economic benefits, while they have successfully and painstakingly avoided the responsibility for their own wastes (Adeola, 2000, pp. 688-689). Strong countries would usually use their influence over the international economic arena to forcefully use other countries as dumpsites of the waste generated in industrialized nations. And given that most of the countries worldwide have adhered to the tenets of globalization, most of the poor nations voluntarily submitted to the idea that they have to willfully succumb to the calls of more industrialized nations, thus accepting the idea to serve as industrial dumpsites. Thus giving weak nations the brunt of bearing the dismal effect for their environment and natural resources, that at most times have not been generated int heir countries. Though there are certain conventions/policies which have been set up to control this alarming irresponsible dumping of wastes, still, there are blunders that can be pointed out. In addition to waste dumping, another issue that should worry the international community is the trading of recyclable wastes. Although the Basel Convention is bound to formulate policies geared towards setting a standard on trading of wastes, more often than not, these policies favor richer nations. In effect, the Basel Convention has not been so successful in regulating waste trades. The definitions that it has set out are vague and often do not coincide with the nation’s own set of definitions. For example, a hazardous waste according to the Basel Convention may not be considered hazardous for a particular country, therefore completely not abiding with it. Thus, these inconsistencies make these definitions and policies unfit for use (Alter, 1994, pp. 109-110). In addition, different countries have opposed the Basel Convention to its use arguing that the possible banning of waste trade can harm their economy. Most of the countries, both the developed and developing nations, that halting the trade will serve grave effects on their economy. First, developed nations could lose an ample amount of economic profits if they lose the chance of dumping their wastes on poorer countries. And on the other hand, the claim of less developed nations that they can only afford second hand materials to be used in their industries, rather than generating raw materials of their own which are more extravagant to produce (Alter, 1994, pp. 111-112). Moreover, recent data and statistics are able to show the manner at which waste dumping has been proven to serve distinct harsh effects on the economy, health and well being of the nations that have been brought up to serve as dump sites. This matter has put the issue of social inequity in the light. The problem of the distribution of environmental hazards has been lopsidedly pushed towards the weaker nations, whilst leaving richer nations away from the problem that they have created. Given the ill conditions of their consumption patterns – their poor economic abilities render the people residing in such area the tendency to consume less than the population in rich countries – they bear the brunt of having to accommodate industrial wastes which have been ironically not produced and consumed within their countries (Anderton, 1994, pp. 29-248). Thus, in such matters, cleaning your own mess does not count. Racism and the logic of whoever stays stronger gain the upper hand (Anderton, 1994, pp. 29-248). Thus, the more powerful a state can be, the easier they can get to bend laws against the will of weaker nations and their inhabitants not mindful of the harmful effects it might render them. Much of the contradiction and irony lie in the fact that as much as human beings benefit largely from the blessings that the environment and its natural resources has bestowed upon them, humans are the first to be blamed from the hastening process of its depletion. More than an issue of high consumption in industrialized nations, the powerful leaders of the world have not devised a way towards proper disposal of their wastes. Industrial wastes have been dumped haphazardly, thus contaminating the environment and gravely affect natural resources. Environmental injustice is even more highlighted with the fact that the country who generates more wastes, is generally the country who gets away with it by dumping their wastes somewhere else as a form of a â€Å"recyclable wastes† which in any way generate more environment toxins. In the guise of economic prosperity and austerity measures, environment suffers a lot. Rich countries dump industrial toxins as a form of generating more profit for trading their wastes. While developing and poor countries accept these wastes and use scrap materials because they are cheaper, unmindful of the harmful emissions they may release that can endanger their environment. Thus, though high-end consumption in industrialized countries may pose a threat to the environment, irresponsible dumping of the wastes generated through these consumptions serve more dangerous as the former. And if the international community does not make regulations on proper disposal of these wastes, environment is off to suffer gravely than ever. References Adeola, Francis. January 2000. Cross-National Environmental Injustice and Human Rights Issues. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 43 No. 4. Alter, Harvey. August 1994. Controlling International Trade in Wastes. Anderton, Douglas. et al. May 1994. Environmental Equity: The Demographics of Dumping. Demography. Vol. 31, No. 2.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence Essay Example

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence Essay Example Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence Essay Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence Essay Abstraction Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) is the intelligence exhibits by machines. AI enable machines to believe and work out jobs somehow human-like and act or execute in human-like mode. AI is uncomparable with human intelligence. However, AI can be implemented in humans’ day-to-day lives to help them with complicated undertakings. One of the human intelligence issues is holding barriers in executing good determination devising. The facet in determination devising is besides applied in a few AI field such as health care and robotics which will be discussed farther in this paper. Introduction Technology is emerging twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours where people are hunger for more sophisticated engineering to help them or give them new positions or cognition. Artificial Intelligence or normally abbreviated as AI is the intelligence shown by machines or package, which normally involves human-like intelligence. It has become an academic field of survey that focused on making intelligence. The term â€Å"Artificial Intelligence† was coined by late John McCarthy of Stanford University in 1956 and after two old ages, he published his paper which regarded by many as the first 1 on logical AI ( Bogue, 2014 ) . Alan Turing, a British mathematician, cryptographer, computing machine scientist and life scientist, proposed a trial called Turing trial to find the machine’s ability to expose intelligence. The trial requires a human justice to hold natural conversations with a human and a machine that is designed to bring forth human-like public presentation. If the j ustice is failed to separate which 1 is human and which one is machine, the machine is considered demoing intelligence. CASE STUDY Human INTELLIGENCE IN DECISION MAKING Human intelligence is considered as the most powerful tools in determination devising. Definition of human intelligence is that a individual has the rational capacity of a homo, which characterized by perceptual experience, consciousness, self-awareness every bit good as will. Through their intelligence, worlds possess a cognitive ability to larn, organize constructs, understand, use logic and ground. The abilities besides include the capacities to acknowledge forms, comprehend thoughts, program, work out job, make determinations, retain and usage linguistic communication to pass on. Intelligence enables worlds to see and believe, while determination devising can be viewed as cognitive methodological analysis used to find a strong belief or a design among a few options of imaginable results. Each determination settling on process delivers a last determination that could perchance arouse activity. Choice or determination devising is the probe of acknowledging and picking picks focused around the qualities and disposition of the head. Decision devising is one of the focal exercising of disposal and an huge piece of any methodological analysis of use. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ROBOTICS Application of AI as the most important and exciting field in robotic development had been argued by many industrial observers. AI engineering has the potency to play a function in a diverseness of automatons including comrade and caring automatons such as independent land, sea and air vehicles, humanoid types, hunt and deliverance automatons, swarm automatons, military automatons and robotic playthings. The component of AI have a function to play for case deft use, independent pilotage, machine vision, address acknowledgment, pattern acknowledgment and location and function ( Bogue, 2014 ) . Humanoid automatons and independent, nomadic automatons are two field of robotic that represent the greatest figure of AI construct. Honda’s Asimo, android automaton is a consequence of two decennaries of research in humanoid robotics by Honda applied scientists. Asimo has the ability to acknowledge traveling objects, gestures, positions, sounds, faces and interact in a human-like mode. Figure 1 Honda’s Asimo The intent of developing robotic vehicles and independent nomadic automatons is to carry on specific undertakings such as hunt and deliverance operations. A robotic vehicle called â€Å"Stanley† is developed in 2005 at Stanford University has won the Defense Advances Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) Grand Challenge by driving autonomously for 131 stat mis along a trail that the vehicle neer gone through earlier ( Bogue, 2014 ) . In the conference of the Robotic Industries Association ( RIA ) in November 2006, John Felice, VP Manufacturing Technology and Global Enterprise, Chrysler Group discuss the fabrication challenge confronting Chrysler. Reducing costs while remain competitory in the concern is the obvious challenge. However, the chief job arises from the increasing figure of auto theoretical account and the frequence of theoretical account alterations. These conversions are clip consuming and could be 1000000s of dollars. John Felice proposed that robotic is the cardina l to work out the job ( Wilson, 2006 ) . Major companies should heighten their research squad to applied AI component in industrial robotics. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE The promotion in machine technology has swayed the scientists to make programming with the intent of helping specializers in settling on pick without reding the governments specifically. The package development misuses the capableness of human learning ability, for illustration, concluding, doing pick, accommodating ( by meeting ) and legion others. AI is non a new thought, yet it has been acknowledged as an issue invention in package technology. It has been connected in legion scopes, for illustration, direction, concern, curative and piecing. In most making nation’s deficient of medicative pro has built the mortality of patients, experienced different infections. The deficient of renewing pros will neer be overcome inside a brief clip of clip. The constitutions of higher acquisition could be that as it may, do a prompt move to present whatever figure specializers as would be prudent. In any instance, while sitting tight for standbies to stop up specializers and the specializ ers to weave up experts, legion patients may already decease. Current pattern for renewing intervention obliged patients to advocate maestro for farther analysis and intervention. Other curative specializer might non hold adequate command or experience to pull off certain high-hazard illnesss. In any instance, the delayed period for medical specialties typically takes a twosome of yearss, hebdomads or even months. When the patients see the specializer, the complaints may hold officially spread out. As the greater portion of the high-hazard illness could merely be cured at the early phase, the patients may necessitate to pine away over whatever remains of their life ( Ishak A ; Siraj, n.d ) . Machine plan known as Medical Decision-Support System was intended to assist well-being experts settle on clinical determination ( Shortliffe, 1987 ) . The model manages medicative information and larning country in naming patients’ conditions and proposing suited medical specialties for the specific patients. Patient-Centered Health Information Systems is a patient focused renewing informations model created to help checking, supervising and decipher apprehension s medical history ( Szolovits et al. , 1994 ) . Likewise the system gives support to patient and curative specializer. The system serves to heighten the quality of medical pick devising, construct patient consistency and minimizes iatrogenic unwellness and medical mistakes. In medical, communicating is critical as new informations or new disclosure is the key for the hereafter endurance ( Shortliffe et al. , 2000 ) . In enlargement, communicating helps specializers sharing their penetration or expertness ( Detmer and Shortliffe, 1997 ) . As an illustration, a pro from Sydney can give online curative assistance to specialist at Kuala Lumpur who is handling a patient that suffers from serious malignant neoplastic disease job. An alternate specializer from other state, for illustration, United Kingdom can leave his experience pull offing the same instances. Communication between specializers or expert from other country helps specialist at Kuala Lumpur naming his patient and gives appropriate intervention. Figure 2 Example of communicating between specializers ( Information Sharing ) For illustration, AI is implemented in Healthcare is Remote Monitoring Of High-Risk Patients Using Artificial Intelligence by utilizing scheme and model for distant monitoring of bad patients utilizing unreal intelligence. A bulk of high hazard patients can be at the same clip checked without patient intercession. A patient hears inquiries in the specializer s voice at each monitoring brush and responds. The patient s reactions are recorded at a distant focal monitoring station and can be examined on line or subsequently ( Langen, Katz, Dempsey, A ; Pompano, 1993 ) . Artificial intelligence ( AI ) and voice engineering ( DECvoice ) are consolidated to show to the patient, during an observant session or experience, inquiries which would be chosen from a bulk of typical recorded enquiries. Inquiries to the patient are picked utilizing AI, in visible radiation of the patient s reaction, by parsing. The screen could take a few constructions, for illustration, for e.g. , uterine action s trips, glucometers, blood force per unit area turnups, pulse proctors, electroencephalographs, and so forth. Four phone lines are committed to every patient, one for the screen, one for the voice, one as a backup and one to feel failures. Dual tone matrix frequence signals ( DTMF ) may be utilized for transmittal of checkered marks and other informations which can be perceived by Decvoice, which is yet one sample of the voice technology which can be utilized ( Langen et al. , 1993 ) . The Artificial Intelligence model is determined by an easy to use Natural Language interface which guides the Voice model to direct ( talk ) appropriate inquiries, perceive ( listen for ) the patient s replies, update the patient s database, direct the telephone-patient monitoring, and rede the HMO office sing know aparting patient conditions. The informations obtained from the patient calls is accessible to the curative specializer on both a real-time footing when the calls are being made, or on a n ad-hoc footing after the calls are logged ( Langen et al. , 1993 ) . Figure 3 Example Remote Monitoring Of High-Risk Patients Professionals IN BOTH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND HUMAN INTELLIGENCE Experts and scientists are eager in doing machines which can copy humans’ intelligence. Somehow, AI shows undeniably great public presentations, in some instances even better than a human being. AI well has indefatigable public presentation by making undertakings without experiencing tired, unlike human. AI besides provides more logical decision-making, which is really utile in some instances. Completing undertaking besides easy as AI is like a false head, taught to make specific occupations. Human intelligence have barriers to acquire do a good decision-making. Harmonizing to Dr. Edward Russo and Dr. Paul J. H. Schoemaker, a simple method have been produce to avoid the determination barriers faced by human intelligence and can be categorized into four chief component. The first component is bordering which is forming the enquiry where this implies qualifying what must be chosen and make up ones minding in preparative manner what standard would do us tend toward one pick to an surrogate. Another component is garnering intelligence by looking for bot apprehensible actualities and reasonable ratings of â€Å"mysterious† that we will necessitate to settle on the pick. Third component would be coming to conclusion where sound framing and good intelligence do non vouch a wise determination. Humans merely unable to systematically do good determinations utilizing seat-of-the-pants judgement entirely, even with first-class informations in forepart of them. Worlds need to l arn from the feedback that they have acquired which is the last component for a good decision-making. Everybody needs to make a model for deriving from the effects of past picks. This usually means remaining informed sing what is expected to go on, deliberately guarding against functioning toward self-clarifications. CONS IN DECISION-MAKING OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE’S PERFORMANCE Good determinations are difficult to do and there are several barriers that occurs when a individual or people seeking to do or happen good determination. A good decision-maker must, consciously or unconsciously go through each stage of determinations doing procedure ( Westernberg, 1993 ) . As in the facet of human intelligence, one of the most common barrier that can disrupt superb determination devising is immersing in. In this state of affairs, people begin to garner information and range decision without first taking a few proceedingss to believe about the nucleus of the issue they are confronting or to believe through how they believe determinations like this one should be made. Peoples besides undergo frame sightlessness, which is another barrier to a good-decision devising. Frame sightlessness is where people puting out to work out the incorrect job because they have created a mental model for their determination with small idea, which causes them to overlook the best options or lose sight of of import aims. Lack of frame control is another barrier faced by human being in determination devising where they failed to consciously specify the job in more ways than one or being unduly influenced by others. Some people besides tend to experience overconfidence in their judgement. This state of affairs besides could blockade a good-decision devising as people failed to roll up the cardinal factual information because they are excessively confidence and excessively assured of their premises and sentiments. Another obstruction faced by people in acquiring a good-decision devising is unforesightful cutoffs, where they rely in suitably on â€Å"rules of thumb† such as implicitly swearing the most readily available information or grounding excessively much on convenient facts. When doing a determination, worlds have the inclination to believe that they can maintain all the information they discovered directly in their caputs and hence, improvise with small re adying. They should follow a systematic process when doing the concluding pick. When doing determinations within a group, common thing that happens is a group failure. Peoples in the group assume that with many smart people involved, good picks will follow automatically and this action will caused failure in pull offing group decision-making. Worlds are likely to protect their self-importance doing them gulling themselves about feedback. In this instance, they are failed to construe the grounds from past results for what it truly says. Worlds besides anticipating that experience will do lessons accessible of course and they tend to neither maintaining path of the effects of their picks, nor look intoing the consequences in ways to bring out their cardinal lessons. Decisions procedure needs to scrutinize and failure to this action means failed to make organized attack to understanding their ain decision-making, so that they remain invariably exposed to all the errors mentioned before . As in the affair of AI, machines have the possibility of dislocation which is disadvantageous. No affair how easy the undertaking can be completed by AI, if there is a instance of malfunction occurring, the whole thing means nil. AI besides have the inclination to lose the indispensable information or erroneously modified or overwrite them. AI or a computing machine system needs to be switched off on a day-to-day footing as consequences for care which restrain the end product and efficiency of the machine. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION AI has the possible in assorted field of engineering such as computing machine scientific discipline, robotics, health care and even music. There are now turning attempts to unify these Fieldss of research and make new engineerings out of them. However, despite of all the mode of advanced attacks, there are still a far spread between unreal intelligence and human intelligence. Some people might reason that Ai is merely the affair of treating power, but some people believe that true AI will bring out the deep apprehension of how human intelligence plants. AI capablenesss are still questionable but in several decennaries to come, AI can assure infinite possibilities of growing in engineering. Mentions Westenberg, M. ( 1993 ) . Decision traps: The 10 barriers to brilliant decision-making A ; how to get the better of them. Acta Psychologica, 83 ( 1 ) , 67-69. doi:10.1016/0001-6918 ( 93 ) 90036-q. Ishak, W. H. W. , A ; Siraj, F. ( n.d ) . ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL APPLICATION: AN EXPLORATION. Langen, P. A. , Katz, J. S. , Dempsey, G. , A ; Pompano, J. ( 1993 ) .REMOTE MONITORING OF HIGH-RISK PATIENTS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.Paper presented at the United States Patent. Szolovits, P. , Doyle, J. , Long, W. J. , Kohane, I. , and Pauker, S. G. ( 1994 ) . Guardian Angel: Patient-Centred Health Information Systems.Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-604. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Shortliffe, E. H. , Fagan, L. M. and Yu, V. L. ( 2000 ) . The Infectious Diseases Physician and the Internet.In Mandell, G.L. , Bennett, J.E. and Dolin, R. ( Eds. ) , Mandell, Douglas,and Bennett s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Churchill Livingstone, Inc. , Pennsylvania, pp. 3258-3263. Shortliffe, E. H. ( 1987 ) . Computer Programs to Support Clinical Decision Making.Journalof the American Medical Association, Vol. 258, No. 1. Detmer, W. M. and Shortliffe, E. H. ( 1997 ) . Using the Internet to Improve Knowledge Diffusion in Medicine.Communicationss of the Associations of Computing Machinery, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 101 108. Wilson, M. , A ; Wilson, M. ( 2007 ) . Feature Robotics Industry Forum – 2006. doi:10.1108/01439910710727432 Bogue, R. , A ; Bogue, R. ( 2014 ) . The function of unreal intelligence in robotics. doi:10.1108/IR-01-2014-0300.

Impressive Expository Essay Examples for Your Inspiration Online Writing Help

Impressive Expository Essay Examples for Your Inspiration Online Writing Help An expository essay is a type of written discourse that serves the purpose of explaining, describing and providing information to the reader. What Is an Expository Essay? An expository essay is a type of written discourse that serves the purpose of explaining, describing and providing information to the reader. This is a simple expository essay definition. Expository essays can also be fairly accurately termed ‘information’ or ‘informative’ essays. 50 MOST POPULAR EXPOSITORY ESSAY TOPICS If you are looking for expository essay examples here are the best ones below. Read and enjoy! Expository Essay Example on Cultural Diversity Cultural Diversity as It Is Today, most people recognize cultural diversity and contend it as an intrinsic good. Cultural diversity can be defined as the difference among individuals as well as groups involving the place of origin, age, culture, languages and physical abilities. Moreover, factors such as gender, class, religion, professional occupation and academic knowledge can also be considered. Notably, organizations should not only pay attention to the definition of diversity in the workplace only because of its scope. Therefore, the issue of cultural diversity should be addressed from various angles to ensure that it is understood by everyone. Cultural difference can be contended as a basic component that emerges from the intercultural interaction. Therefore, cultural identity can be described as the identification for communications of a shared system of symbolic verbal behavior that are significant to the group members who have a sense of belonging as well as common traditions, heritage, language as well as similar norms of behavior. For instance, during communication, different messages ranging from eye contact to turn taking are sometimes factors that lead to intercultural conflict. Therefore, feelings such as conflict, frustration, confusion as well as embarrassment are feelings displayed during rigid cultural communication. Ethnic identity, on the other hand, is a set of self-ideas regarding one’s ethnic membership. Ethnic identity has to do with components such as self-identification, knowledge concerning ethnic culture such as traditions, customs, values as well as behaviors; moreover, ethnic identity involv es the feelings of belonging to a group. Pros and Cons of Cultural Diversity Cultural diversity has displayed extensive the complex consequences. Concerning the positive effects, it is possible for one to generate arguments about its valuable contribution to the society. Firstly, about the long-term perspective, it is evident that all the positive impacts contribute to sustainable differentiation by developing higher creativity, innovation, as well as productivity. At the same time, cultural diversity has its shortcomings. The negative effects of cultural diversity can be classified into various levels in an organization. Adverse impacts on the cognitive as well as behavioral level can be associated with individuals. While at team levels, the negative effects may manifest themselves into the problems of communication. Cultural Diversity in the USA According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2009 the American population was 80% white, 16% Hispanic 13% African-American, 5% Asian, 1% American Indian and 0.2% Native Hawaiian. It is important to note that each race contains various ethnic groups. The large numbers of the ethnic population can be credited to the significant immigrant population. Geographically, in the South as well as West, there are specific areas that have large portions of the total population that are a minority. Notably, close to half of the people in the West was a minority in 2010. California emerges as the state that contains the largest minority population at 22.3 million. Additionally, the years between 2000 and 2010, Texas joined California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii as well as New Mexico in having the largest population of the minority. Here, more than 50% of the population was part of the minority group. Additionally, the examination of racial as well as ethnic group distributions countrywide, assert that while the non-Hispanic white alone population is still the largest major race as well as an ethnic group in the United States, however, it is growing at the slowest rate. On the other hand, the Hispanic and Asian populations have grown extensively in part because of moderately higher levels of immigration. Cultural Diversity Does Matter Culture is the lens with which individuals in a society assess everything around them, therefore. Cultural diversity matters. Culture enables people to analyze what is proper or improper, what is viewed as normal or insane. Notably, when one encounters or associates himself with a culture that is not his, he may get a shock or get disoriented due to the different culture. Therefore, most individuals employ their culture as a basis to judge other cultures, thus the risk of people beginning to discriminate other’s way of life. Thus the need for cultural diversity, America as a country, workplaces as well as well as schools gradually consisting of people of various cultural, racial as well as ethnic groups (Belfield). Therefore, as a diverse society, we can learn from one another and acknowledge different perspectives within the world in which we live. Moreover, it aids in eliminating negative stereotypes as well as personal biases regarding different groups. Conclusively, any society should support cultural diversity to make it a more interesting place to stay. As people interact with one another, bridges are built of respect as well as trust. Thus understanding across cultures. Values should not be imposed open people from different cultures, and people should emulate proactive listening and accepting people with ideas that are not different from their own. Ultimately, each should support the idea that each person can make a distinct contribution to a diverse society. 6 STEPS TO WRITE A GREAT EXPOSITORY ESSAY Expository Essay Example on Communication Skills Why Do We Need Communication? Humans rely on communication to coexist and live in harmony. Without communication, it would be difficult if not impossible to have conservations. It has played a fundamental role in bonding individuals, reinforcing relationships and sustaining the society. Communication is the way through which information is conveyed from one party to the other through various forms. Communication can be achieved through different ways including word of mouth, in writing as well as through nonverbal signs. However, other than exchanging information, communicating is a skill that is vital in our lives since it controls a lot of our daily activities. It is crucial in forming relations ranging from cultural to an individual as well as making it easier for people to participate in various activities in the society. Excellent communications skills are essential for survival and make it easier for one to succeed in whatever they do in their lives. Leaders that happen to be most celebrated are believed to have mastered these skills and used them to direct, influence and motivate their followers or subordinates and this eventually always leads to achieving more fulfilling results in any endeavor.   These skills are needed in both our personal as well as our professional lives to building relations and identify opportunities, both of which are a necessity for one to succeed. The Art of Communication The art of communication requires certain skills to ensure one can effectively converse and interact with people. They can be developed and perfected with constant practice and confidence while communicating in any way or any given setting. One of the most critical skill is the ability to be a good listener since it makes it easy to interact with the audience as they seek clarification or contribute to a given agenda. Listening makes it possible for individuals to understand each other as they communicate (Communication). Another skill is ensuring that one is very clear and brief as this will make sure your audience does not lose you in the process of interacting. Nonverbal communication skills are a critical element in any communication. One should be able to maintain an approachable demeanor and avoiding body language that shows a lack of concern. Having the right attitude is also another skill that facilitates effective communication as it ensures the information is received well by the audience. A good communicator should have the ability also to accommodate what other people say and avoid being assertive and only interested in making sure you put your idea across. Hence, open-mindedness is an additional communication skill that is treasured. Being confident, maintaining eye contact and being respectful are other skills that make a good communicator. Confidence while maintaining eye contact will make individuals keen to follow the interaction while respect will make it less strenuous for others to express their opinions freely. Use of gestures when communicating ensures that the message gets through to the audience as they feel engaged during the conversation (Communication). Being able to give feedback in the process of passing information effectively is also an essential skill in communication as it makes the process more interactive and the well understood. The above communication skills are among the ten most valuable skills that guarantee effective com munication. How to Develop Communication Skills? The process of developing excellent communication skills requires one to keep on practicing constantly. One is required these skills as much as possible, perfecting them with time and eventually becoming a confident and experienced communicator. The clarity and choice of words are very vital as one develops their skills in communication (Skills). One should ensure that they understand the words they decide to use and they can clearly say these words. The words should also be appropriate depending mainly on the type of audience that one is addressing. Consistency in using these skills in the right way when communicating helps the improvement skills, and in the course interaction, one can easily notice a good versus a poor communicator (Communication). The right tone should be used depending on the message to be conveyed, friendly tones can be used for a friendly interaction but should be avoided when one is trying to send a serious message (Skills). When strictly observed the above co uld greatly help an individual to be well versed and confident when using these communication skills. In general, when one has developed their skills in communication, they tend to attract more opportunities in life. They have more connections both socially and professionally and these advantages if well used can lead to a better life. A good communicator can easily get promoted at the workplace into managerial positions since they will easily be able to pass important information to their subordinates. When one has developed their communication skills, they are better placed to seek assistance in time need or while in danger and easily get help compared to individuals who can hardly express themselves or clearly the situation. It is, therefore, important for people to focus on making their communication skills better as this skill will make life easier and bring more opportunities their way. If you are looking for an excellent expository essay that will be written according to your requirements, will contain proper formatting, language, and structure, feel free to contact our writing staff and  place your order  with us.

Business Environment And Strategic Management Essay

Business Environment And Strategic Management - Essay Example However, Nafeeseh and Al-Mudimigh (2011) argued that although technology has increased the utility and performance of the corporations, there also exists noteworthy threats regarding the security and privacy of information shared over internet platforms. Kanet and Stà ¶ÃƒÅ¸lein (2010) observed that because of extensive competition in the international marketplace firms are trying to reduce their operational expenditure and generate a cost competitive advantage. In this context, application of technology has improved the performance of the firms by reducing the manual work capital and time required for completing the operational activities of business houses. For instance, with the help of production equipment firms can accelerate their production process and also reduce the number of man-hours required. Similarly, ICT has helped in connecting the functions of the organizations with each other with aspects such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management ( CRM), etc (Qutaishat et al. 2012). The changes in the business environment have been largely accredited to the technological changes taking place in the world. Hosman (2011) considered that technological inclusion in business firms is taking place at a rapid pace which has increased the frequency of changes being incorporated in the work structure of firms and can also hamper the performance and productivity of the business houses. There are arguments and counter-arguments regarding the role of technology in the corporate world.